黔产7种药用植物重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metal content in seven medicinal plants from Guizhou Province in China

目的探索黔产中草药的重金属Cr、Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb的含量、评价污染风险。方法本研究采用野外调查采样和实验分析及系统评价方式,对7种药用植物(曼陀罗、桉树、云实、罗汉果、白及、胡颓子、铁包金)进行分析研究。结果大部分药植物中6种重金属均有检出,Cd含量范围为0.066~0.659 mg·kg^(-1),超标率达42.86%,Cr范围为0.157~4.421,超标率为61.90%,Pb范围为“-”~3.925 mg·kg^(-1);As范围为0.015~1.246 mg·kg^(-1);Hg范围为0.002~0.128 mg·kg^(-1);Cu范围为“-”~14.136 mg·kg^(-1);Pb、As、Hg、Cu未超标。胡颓子、铁包金、云实、罗汉果中Cr、Cd存在同时或单独超标。部分药用植物Cd、Cr的Pi大于1.0,Hg、As、Cu、Pb的Pi均低于1.0;P_(综)为0.36~4.58,66.67%轻度污染等级,14.28%警戒线,19.06%安全。七种药用植物的HI值接均低于1.0;桉树果和叶、云实皮、罗汉果、胡颓子以及铁包金中Cd和云实皮(都匀)As的Risk值>1.0×10^(-4),具备潜在致癌风险。结论七种药用植物均存在不同程度的重金属污染,不存在非致癌风险,部分药用植物的Cd、As具备潜在致癌风险,大部分药用植物不具备致癌风险。

Objective To explore the contents of heavy metals Cr,Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Pb in Chinese herbal medicines produced in Guizhou,and to evaluate the pollution risks.Methods Seven kinds of medicinal plants(Datura,Eucalyptus,Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb,Grosvener siraitia,Bletilla rhizoma,Elaeagnus pungens,and Berchemia lineata)were analyzed and studied by means of field investigation,sampling,experimental analysis and systematic evaluation.Results The results showed that six heavy metals were detected in most medicinal plants.The content of Cd ranged from 0.066 mg·kg^(-1) to 0.659 mg·kg^(-1) with an over standard rate of 42.86%,Cr ranged from 0.157 mg·kg^(-1) to 4.421 mg·kg^(-1) with an over standard rate of 61.90%,and Pb ranged from“-”to 3.925 mg·kg^(-1).As ranged from 0.015 mg·kg^(-1) to 1.246 mg·kg^(-1).The Hg content was between 0.002 mg·kg^(-1)and 0.128 mg·kg^(-1).The Cu content was between“-”and 14.136 mg·kg^(-1).Pb,As,Hg and Cu did not exceed the standard.The Cr and Cd in Elaeagnus pungens,Datura stramonium,Berchemia lineata,Caesalpinia sepiaria and Grosvener siraitia exceeded the standard at the collectively or separately.P_(i) of Cd and Cr in some medicinal plants were greater than 1.0.The P_(i) of other heavy metals Hg,As,Cu and Pb were all lower than 1.0.The comprehensive pollution index was 0.36-4.58,the level of mild pollution was as high as 66.67%,the warning line rate was 14.28%,and the safety rate was only 19.05%.The HI values of the seven medicinal plants were all lower than 1.0.The risk values of Cd in the Eucalyptus,Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb,Grosvener siraitia,Elaeagnus pungens,Berchemia lineata and the risk values of As in Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb(Duyun area)were all higher than 1.0×10^(-4),which had different carcinogenic risks.Conclusion All the seven medicinal plants are polluted by heavy metals in different degrees,and there is no non-carcinogenic risk.Some medicinal plants have potential carcinogenic risk of Cd and As,but most medicinal plants do not.