美国的中国观:演变历程及其启示

On America’s View of China:Evolution and Revelation

从18世纪将中国看作值得被效仿的东方大国,到冷战时期视中国为两极阵营当中的敌人,再到冷战后对华战略竞争认知框架的建立,在长达二百多年的中美互动进程中,美国的中国观历经多次变迁,并塑造了不同时期的美国对华政策。本文聚焦分析近代、冷战和后冷战时期美国不同中国观的具体内容及其政策影响,从美国中国观演变的历史进程中透视美国对华“他者化”的叙事逻辑,指出建交以来美国对华“旧接触共识”存在的认识论谬误,并就未来中美关系的良性发展提出“新接触共识”的愿景。

From the 18th century, when China was seen as an oriental power worthy of emulation, to the Cold War, when China was seen as an enemy in the bipolar camp, and to the post-Cold War period, when the cognitive framework of strategic competition with China was established, the US view of China has undergone many changes and shaped the US policy toward China in different periods during more than 200 years of SinoAmerican interaction. This paper focuses on analyzing the specific contents of different US views of China and their policy implications in the modern, Cold War, and post-Cold War periods, examining the narrative logic of the US regarding China as another in the historical process of the evolution of US views of China. It also points out the epistemological fallacies of the “old engagement policy” of the US on China since the establishment of diplomatic relations, and proposes a vision of a “new engagement consensus” for the future benign development of Sino-US relations.