鸡肉参蜜腺和传粉机制研究

Nectary Structure and Pollination of Lncarcillea Mairei

通过对鸡肉参雌蕊及蜜腺的微观观察,花粉-胚珠数比值,蕾期、半开期、平展期、凋谢期的柱头运动性实验,结果显示:鸡肉参属于兼性异交型植物,蕾期花粉粒多数成熟,敏感性二裂片柱头闭合,半开期裂片打开,触碰闭合速度比盛开期快。子房基部具环状蜜腺,上分布有泌蜜孔,从蕾期至凋谢期表现出“闭合-开放-被物质填塞”的变化。柱头裂片外侧具鳞片状表皮毛,上分布有特化气孔和蘑菇状细胞,内侧具指状表皮毛,子房表皮也散布有蘑菇状细胞,这可能是为了提高异花传粉机率,减少自身能量消耗而演化出的花部结构和访花昆虫之间的协作机制。

Through the microscopical observation of the pistil and nectary of Incarvillea mairei(Levl.) Grierson(Bignoniaceae),the ratio of pollen to ovule number, and the experiment of stigma bilobed motility in bud stage, half open stage, anthesis period and withering period showed that: I. mairei belongs to facultative xenogamy, most of the pollen grains have matured and the sensitive stigma bilobed is closed in bud stage, until the lobes open in half open stage, and the closing speed of touch is faster than that in full open stage. The ovary base has a ring nectary, and there are nectar pores on it. From bud stage to withering period,it shows the change of “closed-open-packed with materia”. On the outer side of the stigma lobes, there are squamous epidermis hair,specialized stomata and mushroom like cells, the finger like epidermis cells on the inner side, and mushroom like cells on the ovary epidermis, all that is may be the cooperation mechanism between plant and pollinator to improve the probability of cross-pollination and reduce the energy consumption.