养老服务高质量发展视域下我国主要养老模式比较、困境与进路

Study on the Comparison, Dilemma and Approach of China’s Main Pension Models from the Perspective of High-Quality Development of Pension Services

以国家构建养老服务高质量发展为指导,重构“在哪(Where)养老、谁(Who)养老、如何(How)供给、如何(How)支持”养老模式2W2H四维度对比模型,从养老服务地点、服务供给主体、养老供给内容、养老资金支持等方面对我国目前主要养老模式进行比较,厘清现存主要模式优缺点、典型特征以及适宜养老人群。并在此基础上归纳演绎出当前我国养老服务发展面临的传统家庭养老保障功能弱化、供给缺位与多元主体协同供给格局尚未形成并存、养老资金来源单一,子代及老人自我养老负担过重、养老服务供给与需要不平衡问题四大困境,试图从巩固家庭养老等传统养老模式的基础上实现现有养老方式转型并大力发展新兴养老模式,积极拓展养老服务高质量发展的供给主体、服务内容及资金来源,以及推动养老服务公平化、均等化三个方面就更好推进我国养老服务高质量发展提出建议。

Guided by the construction of high-quality development of national elderly care services, the 2 w2 h four-dimensional comparison model of "where, who, how and how to support" elderly care model was reconstructed, and the main elderly care models in China were compared from the aspects of elderly care service location, service supply subject, elderly care supply content and fund support to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of existing models, typical characteristics and suitable elderly care groups. Based on which, the four typical dilemmas faced by the development of China’s pension services were summarized and deduced as weakening of traditional family pension security function, lack of supply and the unformed coordinated supply pattern of multiple subjects, single source of pension funds, excessive burden of self pension on children and the elderly, and imbalance between the supply and demand of pension services. It is suggested to realize the transformation of existing pension modes on the basis of consolidating traditional pension modes such as family pension, vigorously develop emerging pension modes, actively expand the supply subject, service content and capital source of high-quality development of pension services, and promote the fairness and equalization of pension services, so as to better promote the high-quality development of pension services in China.