飞轮抗阻训练对老年人骨骼肌肌肥大、肌肉力量和平衡能力影响的Meta分析

Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Flywheel Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy,Muscle Strength and Balance in the Elderly

目的:系统评价飞轮抗阻训练对老年人骨骼肌肌肥大、肌肉力量和平衡能力的影响效果。方法:从Web of Science、Pubmed、Cochrane library、SportDiscus、Scopus、中国知网、万方数据库中,检索各数据库建库起始时间至2021年11月的相关随机对照试验文献,经筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用“Review Manager 5.3”软件进行Meta分析。结果:Meta分析显示,飞轮抗阻训练后,老年人骨骼肌肌肥大有所改善(SMD=0.43,95%CI为[0.13,0.73],p=0.006),达到小效应量;肌肉力量显著改善,等速肌力(SMD=0.66,95%CI为[0.18,1.14],p=0.007)达到中等效应量,最大自主随意收缩(SMD=0.71,95%CI为[0.09,1.32],p=0.02)达到中等效应量;平衡能力显著改善,30 s坐立起测试显著改善(SMD=0.69,95%CI为[0.35,1.04],p<0.0001),达到中等效应量;计时起立—走测试显著改善(SMD=-0.92,95%CI为[-1.35,-0.49],p<0.0001),达到大效应量。结论:飞轮抗阻训练能显著改善老年人骨骼肌肌肥大、肌肉力量和平衡能力,但关于飞轮抗阻训练对老年人骨骼肌肌肥大、肌肉力量和平衡能力的影响因素,例如:最佳惯性负荷、运动形式、负荷量以及干预周期等仍需进一步探究。建议在今后的研究中进行多中心、大样本和长期的随机对照试验,从而为临床提供更加可靠的循证依据。

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of flywheel resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy,muscle strength and balance ability in the elderly.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials from the establishment of the database to November 2021 in Web of Science,Pubmed,Cochrane library,SportDiscus,Scopus,CNKI and Wanfang database were searched.After screening literature,extracting data and evaluating the bias risk included in the study,Meta-analysis was performed using“Review Manager 5.3”software.Results:Meta-analysis showed that after flywheel resistance training,skeletal muscle hypertrophy in the elderly was improved(SMD=0.43,95%CI[0.13,0.73],P=0.006),and reached a small effect size.Muscle strength was significantly improved,with their isokinetic muscle strength(SMD=0.66,95%CI[0.18,1.14],p=0.007)reaching a moderate effect size,and maximal voluntary contraction(MVC)[SMD=0.71,95%CI[0.09,1.32],p=0.02]reaching a moderate effect size.There was significant improvement in balance ability,with 30s sit to stand(SMD=0.69,95%CI[0.35,1.04],p<0.0001)reaching a moderate effect size.Timed up and go also significantly improved(SMD=-0.92,95%CI[-1.35,-0.49],p<0.0001),reaching a large effect size.Conclusion:Flywheel resistance training can significantly improve skeletal muscle hypertrophy,muscle strength and balance ability in the elderly.The influence factors of flywheel resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy,muscle strength and balance ability of the elderly,such as optimal inertia load,exercise form,load and intervention cycle,still need to be further explored.It is recommended to conduct multi-center,large-sample and long-term randomized controlled trials in future research,so as to provide a more reliable evidence-based basis for clinical practice.