油气井中电磁波无线传输技术研究及应用

Research and Application of Electromagnetic Wave Wireless Transmission Technology in Oil and Gas Well

在油气井中受金属套管屏蔽的影响,电磁波无线传输信号将大幅减弱,影响电磁波无线传输技术在油气井中的推广应用。文章针对该问题,探索了油气井内电磁波无线传输机理,利用磁流环激励技术在金属油、套管之间形成电磁能流回路,规避电磁波穿越套管产生极化现象,有效解决了金属套管对电磁波信号的屏蔽问题,并在此基础上优化了井下发射天线参数、接触电阻控制等,形成了油气井电磁波无线传输技术。通过现场试验表明,油气井中表征井下状态的动态数据可以通过电磁波无线传输技术实时传输到地面,信号清晰且稳定,为生产单位实时掌握油气井井下温度、压力、含水率等动态数据提供了技术手段,实现水淹和压窜等异常情况的报警,为储层评价和生产制度快速优化等提供科学依据,具有广阔的应用前景。

In oil and gas production wells, due to the shielding influence of metal casing, the signal of electromagnetic wave wireless transmission will be greatly weakened or discontinuous, which affects the popularization and application of electromagnetic wave wireless transmission technology in production wells. Aiming at this problem, the wireless transmission mechanism of electromagnetic wave in cased well was studied in this paper, the polarization phenomenon caused by electromagnetic wave passing through casing was avoided by using magnetic current loop excitation technology to form a current loop between oil sleeves, which effectively solved the electromagnetic wave shielding problem. The field test shows that the dynamic data representing the downhole state in oil and gas production wells can be transmitted to the surface in real time through the wireless transmission technology of electromagnetic wave. The signal is clear and stable, providing technical means for production companies to master dynamic data such as downhole temperature, pressure and water cut of oil and gas production wells in real time. It provides scientific basis for reservoir rapid evaluation and production system optimization, and has broad application prospect.