武当真武像形制演变中的政治隐喻

The Political Metaphor in the Shape Evolution of the Wudang Moutain’s God Zhenwu Statues

真武信仰源自玄武崇拜。宋代,朝廷祈望借助真武的威力来稳固北境,强化了真武信仰,使得真武地位日渐提高。作为传说中真武飞升之地的武当逐渐成为真武信仰的中心,尤其是明成祖即位后大修武当,在推动真武信仰达至巅峰的同时,也在武当留下大量真武塑像。武当真武像大体分为武真武、文真武、亦文亦武真武三大样式,其塑像的形制演变,尤其是明代亦文亦武真武的形制演变,与神权和皇权的互动有关,隐含深刻的政治逻辑。

God Zhenwu belief originated from God Xuanwu worship. In Song Dynasty, the court hoped to use the power of God Xuanwu to stabilize the northern border, which strengthened the belief in God Zhenwu and gradually improved its status. As the legendary place where God Zhenwu ascended, Wudang mountain gradually became the center of God Zhenwu belief, especially after Empire Ming Chengzu ascended the throne who overhauled Wudang. Not only did he promote God Zhenwu belief to the peak, he also left a large number of God Zhenwu statues in Wudang mountain. These statues in Wudang mountain are roughly divided into three styles: God Zhenwu of war, God Zhenwu of scholar, God Zhenwu of both war and scholar. The shape evolution of the statues,especially the shape evolution of God Zhenwu of both war and scholar in Ming Dynasty, is related to the interaction between theocratic and imperial power, which contains profound political logic.