长江“十年禁渔”背景下贵州传统渔具的当代启示——以“百苗图”各抄临本中所绘渔具为对象

Contemporary Implications of Traditional Guizhou’s Fishing Kits in the Background of "Ten-year Fishing Ban" of the Yangtze River: A Case Study of the Fishing Kits Depicted in "Miao Albums"

长江“十年禁渔”是我国大力推进生态文明建设的关键举措之一,但在落实此项举措中,却面临了一些执法监督上的难题,尤其是对传统渔具的监管亟需找到有效的应对策略。同时,不少研究者将研究对象锁定在长江中下游的淡水鱼主产区,而忽视了长江流域生态系统的整体性,但对长江中上游的水产保护同样事关整个长江流域的鱼类资源保护成效。如果长江“十年禁渔”工作的执行与监督在中上游地区无法精准落实,那么此项举措的最终成效也将大打折扣。处于长江中上游的我国西南地区的民族图志编撰工作,历史积淀深厚,其中“百苗图”历代抄临本对贵州的传统渔具有系统且详实的记载与描绘,系统认识这些传统渔具适用的对象、范围及其效能,对当代精准落实长江“十年禁渔”的执法与监督工作,可以提供来自历史的诸多启示。

The "ten-year fishing ban" of the Yangtze River is a key measure of China’s ecological civilization development. Nevertheless, in the process of its implementation there have been some hardships in enforcement supervision, particularly when it comes to the supervision of traditional fishing kits. Also, quite a number of researchers confine their attention to the fresh water fish areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River while neglecting the holistic view of the river’s ecological system. Surely, the marine species protection in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is related to the effective of fish resources protection in the whole watershed. If the "ten-year fishing ban" cannot be put into effect in a real sense, its effects could be hardly beneficial. Miao Albums, an ethnographic work in southwest China, gives a concrete record and depiction of traditional fishing kits in Guizhou;here it is argued that we should systematically understand them in terms of their application areas, scope and efficacy, which will then provide beneficial implications for the efficient enforcement and supervision of the "ten-year fishing ban" in the Yangtze River.