数字技术对少数民族人口就业决策的影响研究——基于CGSS第二期数据的跨族群比较分析

Research on the Influence of Digital Technology on the Employment Decisions of Ethnic Minority Populations:A Cross-Ethnic Comparison Based on Data from CGSS Phase Ⅱ

随着新一轮通用技术变革的深入,新业态、新模式层数不穷,数字就业形式正逐渐发展为新的就业选择,这给传统劳动力就业带来挑战的同时,也为扩大就业机会、缩小群体收入差距提供了契机。本文从马克思剩余价值理论出发,给出了数字技术对就业决策的影响机制和路径,并基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)第二期数据,通过稳健性检验、异质性分析和机制分析的方法,比较研究了汉族与少数民族人口的数字就业效应差异,重点考察了少数民族人口在数字就业决策上的特殊表现。研究结果发现:尽管数字技术对就业决策存在着显著的正向引导作用,但在具体的影响大小上,少数民族人口的数字就业效应略低于汉族人口;适度的宗教活动更有利于少数民族人口从事数字就业活动;数字技术还能使得少数民族男女得到更好的就业分工;且随着“宽带中国”战略的实施,城乡和族群间的数字就业效应差距日益缩小,但目前仍呈现东部地区高于中西部地区的状态;此外,跨族群的社会资本积累和不可替代的人力资本积累将更有利于少数民族人人口的数字就业决策。

Digital technology appears to play an increasingly important role in the employment decisions of ethnic minority populations. On one hand,access to distance learning arguably improves their education level and therefore may alter their traditional concepts of employment. On the other,this study has found that the Internet can expand their social space,strengthen the integration of cross-ethnic resources,and promote innovation and entrepreneurship. Moreover, the new technologies and industries spawned by digital technology can greatly improve the matching of supply with demand in the labor market. Evidently,digital technology has a profound impact on the employment decision-making of ethnic minority peoples. However,what impact does it have and what can be done to enhance its effect? This paper will try to answer these questions based on related theories and facts.This paper employs Marx’s surplus value theory and analyzes how digital technology affects employment decisions. Besides,it examines statistical data from the Chinese General Social Survey( CGSS) Phase II,compares and contrasts the differences in online job searches between Han and other ethnicities,and focuses on the decision-making of ethnic people groups regarding online jobs.The findings of the paper show that: although digital technology has a significantly positive guidance on employment decisions,its effect among ethnic minority populations is slightly lower than that among Han people;moderate religious activities are conducive to online job hunting by ethnic populations;digital technology enables a better division of employment;with the implementation of the“Broadband China”strategy,the gap of the digital employment effect between urban and rural areas and between ethnic groups is narrowing,but the eastern region remains ahead of the central and western regions;cross-ethnic social capital accumulation and irreplaceable human capital accumulation will be more conducive to the digital employment decision of ethnic minorities.In order to bring into full play the digital technology’s role in job promotion,this study puts forward the following four suggestions: First, we should raise the level of education of the whole population and cultivate digital technology literacy.Second,we should expand the application scenarios of digital technology and strengthen the diversification of digital technology. Third,we should narrow the gap in digital infrastructure among regions and pay attention to a balanced development of the digital economy. Fourth,we should increase the accumulation of cross-ethnic social capital and irreplaceable human capital. The stock of human capital should not be limited to the accumulation of traditional human capital,which means individuals should focus on abilities that are not easy to be replaced by digital technology.