西部民族地区相对贫困:现状、困境及治理

Relative Poverty in Western Ethnic Minority Areas:Current Situation,Dilemmas,and Governance

后脱贫时代,贫困地区巩固脱贫成果、缓解相对贫困是扎实推动共同富裕的重要关切。西部民族地区相对贫困呈现出贫困人口规模大、相对贫困程度深以及相对贫困维度广的现实图景,又面临着显著的空间贫困特征、多元的特殊性贫困、返贫致贫风险高以及内生动力不足的困境。基于此,西部民族地区的相对贫困治理要不断完善绿色减贫机制和风险防范机制、坚持综合治理和差异化治理、实施“常态化”“制度化”治贫以及提升贫困人口的可持续发展能力。

Eradicating poverty, improving people ’s livelihoods,and realizing common prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism and an important mission of the CPC. Research results show that in China the building of a well-off society in an all-around way and the elimination of absolute poverty have been completed,shifting the focus of China ’s poverty governance from absolute poverty alleviation to consolidating the achievements of poverty eradication and alleviating relative poverty. As a consequence,the goal of poverty control has been upgraded from “meeting people ’s basic needs and building up a prosperous society”to “getting a better life and achieving common prosperity. ”Due to some factors,such as a challenging geographical environment,a weak industrial base,lacking infrastructure,and a public service gap,China’s western ethnic areas appear to be running a high risk of falling back into poverty and hence have become an important target area for relative poverty control.This writing attempts to demonstrate that the governance of relative poverty in western ethnic minority areas has been facing multiple difficulties:First,the vulnerability of the poor under the geographical constraints is noticeable. Western ethnic minority lands are characterized by ecological fragility, regional isolation, natural disasters, and environmental pollution, which seriously restrict the development of ethnic minority areas;second,compound and unusual types of poverty aggravate the difficulty of poverty governance. Field research shows that impoverished households in western rural regions suffer from compound poverty intertwined with many factors;third,the large number of “special”poor people correlate with a lack of endogenous motivation. With the transformation of poverty governance,the structure of the marginalized population has changed: The main types of relative poverty look to be caused by disease,disaster,or aging.Based on the current situation of poverty and the plight of governance in ethnic minority areas,this article proposes that we should take a variety of measures to address the issues : First,to improve the green poverty reduction mechanism and risk prevention mechanism. On the one hand,starting from internal governance,one should constantly improve the green poverty reduction mechanism,promote ecological restoration,and develop sustainable industries to reduce poverty;on the other hand,starting from external prevention,one should improve risk prevention mechanisms and carry out all-round monitoring and governance.Second,to adhere to a combination of comprehensive governing and differentiated governing. On the premise of comprehensive governance,this article suggests the carrying out of “targeted governance”. Third,to change the “campaign”type of governance into “normalized”institutional administration. One should integrate the consolidation of poverty eradication achievements and relative poverty governance into the overall promotion of rural revitalization. Fourth,to improve the sustainable development capacity of the population in ethnic minority areas. Results indicate it’s wise to improve the quality of public services,change the supply of“hard”public services to “soft”public services,adhere to the combination of inclusive and preferential treatment,and promote the improvement of endogenous vitality.