人类猴痘的预防与治疗进展

Progress of prevention and treatment of human monkeypox

人类猴痘是由猴痘病毒引起的人畜共患病。猴痘的临床表现类似于天花,但传染性不如天花。猴痘病毒通过密切接触损伤的皮肤、体液、呼吸道飞沫和被褥等受污染物而在人与人之间传播。目前有3类天花疫苗(MVA-BN、LC16、ACAM2000)可用于预防猴痘。可使用抗病毒药物(特考韦瑞、布林西多福韦、西多福韦)作为治疗手段,在存在严重疾病、免疫功能低下患者、孕妇和哺乳妇女、儿科以及当病变出现在口腔、眼睛和生殖器附近等情况时,可考虑使用抗病毒药物。本综述旨在描述当前用疫苗预防猴痘和使用抗病毒药物治疗猴痘的进展。

Human monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus.The clinical presentation of monkeypox resembles that of smallpox,but less contagious than smallpox.Monkeypox virus is transmitted from one person to another by close contact with damaged skin,body fluids,respiratory droplets and contaminated materials such as bedclothes.Three smallpox vaccines(MVA-BN、LC16、ACAM2000)are available for prevention of monkeypox.Antivirals(Tecovirimat,Brincidofovir,Cidofovir)are available as treatments,and can be considered in severe disease,immunocompromised patients,pregnant and breastfeeding women,pediatrics,and when lesions appear near the mouth,eyes,and genitals.The purpose of this review is to describe the current progress in the prevention of monkeypox with vaccines and the treatment of monkeypox with antivirals.