民刑交叉案件实体裁判规则研究——以合同效力、责任认定为中心

Studies on the Substantive Judgment Rules of the Crossed Cases of Civil and Criminal Law:Centering on the Validity of Contracts and the Determination of Liabilitie

民事案件与刑事案件相互交叉、交织时,由于刑法与民法评价视角、调整对象及保护法益等方面的不同,行为人涉嫌刑事犯罪并不必然导致其以法人或非法人组织名义与相对人缔结的合同无效,合同效力应根据民事法律的相关规定及结合具体情形予以判断。在认定行为人所在法人或非法人组织对受害人应承担的民事赔偿责任时,无论受害人提起的是合同之诉还是侵权之诉,其所诉请的赔偿损失范围应是刑事程序对行为人财产追赃未能实现的部分,实为特定范围的补充赔偿责任,且根据民法的“与有过错原则”,均应考量行为人所在法人或非法人组织与受害人自身的过错程度,并严格限定“替代责任”的适用范围。此外,刑事程序取得证据、刑事裁判认定的事实在民事诉讼中也有不同先决效力。

When civil cases and criminal cases intersect and interweave with each other,due to the differences in evaluation perspectives,adjustment objects and protection of legal interests between criminal law and civil law,the perpetrator’s involvement in a criminal offence does not necessarily lead to the invalidity of the contract concluded with the counterpart in the name of a legal person or an unincorporated organization.The validity of the contract should be judged according to the relevant provisions of civil law and the specific circumstances.When determining the civil liability of the legal person or unincorporated organization of the perpetrator to the victim,no matter whether the victim brings a lawsuit of contract or tort,the scope of compensation of loss claimed by the victim should be the part of the criminal procedure that fails to realize the recovery of the property of the perpetrator,which is actually a supplementary liability of a specific scope.According to the"principle of contributory negligence"of the civil law,the extent of the fault of the legal person or unincorporated organization of the actor and the victim itself should be considered,and the scope of application of"vicarious liability"should be strictly limited.In addition,the evidence obtained in criminal procedure and the facts determined by criminal judgment also have different prerequisite effects in civil proceedings.