高空核爆炸能量在大气层中的沉积规律

High-altitude nuclear explosion energy accumulation law in atmosphere

建立了高空核爆炸X射线辐射能和碎片动能在大气层中沉积的计算模型,利用该模型模拟了美国和苏联的4次大威力高空核爆炸试验(Checkmate,Starfish,K3,K4)的能量沉积情况,分析了碎片动能在海拔100—200 km的沉积规律.计算结果表明,与X射线沉积区相比,碎片动能沉积区范围较小,能量密度较大;碎片动能沉积在较短时间内(约0.5 s)完成,在爆心附近和海拔115 km附近存在两个吸收峰;动能沉积区在水平截面大体上为椭圆形,爆炸纬度越高,椭圆偏心率越小,水平截面积随海拔高度的增加而增大,随爆高的增大而减小;距爆点较远、远离磁泡时,动能沉积峰值点在穿过爆心的地磁场磁力线附近;距爆点较近、磁泡内部的动能沉积峰值点在爆心投影点附近.

An accumulation model of X-ray and debris in a high altitude nuclear explosion is built in this work.Using the established model,we simulate the energy accumulations of four large scale experiments(i.e.the Checkmate,Starfish,K3 and K4)conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union.The dynamics of the kinetic accumulation at 100–200 km altitude is analyzed.Our simulation results show that the kinetic patch spreads a relatively small spatial region and has a large energy density compared with the X-ray patch.The accumulation of the debris ions can be finished within around 0.5 s,and two absorption peaks(hence two kinetic patches)can be observed at an altitude of about 115 km and the burst point.The shape of the kinetic region projected onto the horizontal plane is roughly elliptical,the eccentricity will be smaller at higher latitudes,and the area will be larger at higher altitudes.Away from the bursting point,the maximum energy density of the kinetic patch is near the magnetic field line that crosses the bursting point.Within the magnetic bubble,the maximum energy density of the kinetic patch occurs near the bursting point.