碘营养

Iodine nutrition

碘是合成甲状腺激素必需的微量元素。碘营养是指机体的碘营养状态。碘缺乏导致碘缺乏病,导致的多种碘缺乏相关性疾病,包括地方性甲状腺肿、地方性克汀病,以生命头1000 d内生长发育,特别是对脑和神经精神发育的影响最严重。碘过量也有危害。中国经过20余年普遍食盐加碘的措施,碘营养状态目前总体良好,实现了消除碘缺乏病的目标,但妊娠妇女的碘营养状态堪忧,最近调查显示妊娠妇女处于碘适量仅占1/3,碘缺乏比例高达60%,其中中度碘缺乏达26%。因此,目前中国碘缺乏病防治任务远没有结束,情况变得更加复杂,需要更加精细化管理和精准施测。为此,中国颁布了《中国居民补碘指南》和《妊娠甲状腺疾病诊治指南》(第2版),就居民,特别是妊娠哺乳妇女补碘标准、补碘方法、剂量及其评价碘营养状态的方法给予了精准的指导意见。

Iodine is an essential trace element for producing thyroid hormones.Iodine nutrition refers to the iodine nutrition status of body.Iodine deficiency leads to iodine deficiency diseases,including endemic goiter and endemic cretinism,especially,the most serious and irreversible impacts on the first 1000 days of life.After more than 20 years of universal salt iodization,iodine nutritional status is generally adequate and iodine deficiency disorders has been eliminated in China.However,iodine nutritional status in pregnant women is worrying.The recent study has shown that iodine adequacy rate in pregnant women is only one-third,and up to 60%of them suffer from iodine deficiency,and 26%of them were with moderate iodine deficiency.Therefore,the task of preventing iodine deficiency disorders in China is far from over,and the situation is getting more complicated,which requires refined management and accurate measurement.In this regard,the Guidelines for Iodine Supplement for Chinese Residents and the Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Diseases in Pregnancy(2nd Edition)both provide precise guidance on supplementing iodine in residents,especially in pegnant lactating women,concerning the standards of iodine supplementtion,methods and quantities of iodine supplementation as well as the the ways to assess nutritional status.