2016—2020年郴州市毒蘑菇中毒病例流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on toxic mushroom poisoning cases in Chenzhou City from 2016-2020

目的了解郴州市毒蘑菇中毒发生规律和流行病学特征,为毒蘑菇中毒的预警和预防控制提供依据。方法对2016—2020年郴州市食源性疾病监测系统报告的毒蘑菇中毒病例的流行病学特征进行描述分析。结果2016—2020年郴州市共上报毒蘑菇中毒1189例,占食源性疾病病例的3.54%,死亡6人,死亡率为0.50%;毒蘑菇中毒事件131起,涉及人数461人。毒蘑菇中毒上报病例由2016年105例上升到2020年502例,病例发生最多的月份为9月(266例,占22.37%),其次为6月(243例,占20.44%);上报病例最多的县区为宜章县(180例,占15.14%),其次为嘉禾县(167例,占14.05%)。病例发生年龄段主要是45~<55岁(284例,占23.89%),其次为55~<65岁(273例,占17.91%),病例发生男女比例为1∶1.07,职业以农民为主,占59.71%。症状表现以消化系统为主(97.27%)。结论郴州市毒蘑菇中毒有较强的地域性、季节性和人群聚集性,应针对特定地区、特定时间和特定人群加强宣传教育,减少毒蘑菇中毒病例的发生。

Objective To understand the occurrence regularity and epidemiological characteristics of toxic mushroom poisoning in Chenzhou City,provide the reference for the early warning,and prevention and control of toxic mushroom poisoning.Methods The epidemiological characteristics of toxic mashroom poisoning cases in Chenzhou City from 2016 to 2020,which were reported by the foodborne disease surveillance system,were analyzed by descriptive analysis.Results A total of 1189 toxic mushroom poisoning cases were reported in Chenzhou City from 2016 to 2020,accounting for 3.54%of foodborne disease cases,there were six deaths,and the mortality rate was 0.50%.There were 131 events of toxic mushroom poisoning,involving 461 people.The number of reported cases of toxic mushroom poisoning increased from 105 in 2016 to 502 in 2020.The highest number of cases occurred in September(266 cases,22.37%),followed by June(243 cases,20.44%).Yizhang County reported the most cases(180cases,15.14%),followed by Jiahe County(167 cases,14.05%).Most of cases occurred in 45-<55 years old group(284 cases,23.89%),followed by 55-<65 years old group(273 cases,17.91%).The male to female ratio of cases was 1∶1.07,and farmers were the main occupation,accounting for 59.71%.Symptoms were mainly in the digestive system(97.27%).Conclusion The toxic mushroom poisoning cases of Chenzhou City have strong regional,seasonal and crowd gathering characteristics,and it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education in specific areas,specific time and specific population to reduce the occurrence of toxic mushroom poisoning cases.