贵阳市家具城室内空气污染水平调查及健康风险评价

Investigation of indoor air pollution in furniture centers in Guiyang City and health risk assessment

目的了解贵阳市家具城室内空气污染水平与特征,评估家具城室内空气对人体的健康风险。方法2020年9—12月,通过酚试剂分光光度法和气相色谱法分别对贵阳市家具城不同家具卖场中空气污染物甲醛和苯系物浓度的检测,使用博朗通BR-Smart-126测试仪检测总挥发性有机物(total volatile organic compounds,TVOC),利用美国环保局环境健康风险评价模型,评价人体在家具城室内空气中的暴露风险。结果卧室家具卖场甲醛、苯和TVOC的平均浓度为0.075、0.020和0.272 mg/m^(3),客厅家具卖场甲醛、苯和TVOC的平均浓度为0.076、0.018和0.291 mg/m^(3),儿童家具卖场甲醛、苯和TVOC的平均浓度为0.068、0.018和0.265 mg/m^(3)。成年男性在客厅、卧室和儿童家具卖场的甲醛致癌风险值2.3×10^(-4)、2.3×10^(-4)和2.1×10^(-4),成年男性在客厅、卧室和儿童家具卖场的苯致癌风险值0.5×10^(-4)、0.6×10^(-4)和0.5×10^(-4),成年女性在客厅、卧室和儿童家具卖场的甲醛致癌风险值2.3×10^(-4)、2.2×10^(-4)和1.9×10^(-4),成年女性在客厅、卧室和儿童家具卖场的苯致癌风险值0.51×10^(-4)、0.58×10^(-4)和0.50×10^(-4)。苯的致癌风险低于甲醛的致癌风险,女性的致癌风险低于男性的致癌风险。在不同家具卖场,人群中苯和甲醛致癌风险值都超过美国环境保护局制定的安全限值(1.00×10^(-6))。结论贵阳市3家家具城同一类型家具卖场室内空气中的甲醛、苯和TVOC浓度符合GB/T 18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》的限值要求,但贵阳市家具城不同家具卖场环境中苯和甲醛对家具城从业人群存在较大的健康风险。

Objective To learn about the level and characteristics of indoor air pollution in furniture centers in Guiyang City,assess the health risks of indoor air of furniture centre to the human body.Methods From September to December 2020,the concentrations of air pollutants(formaldehyde and benzene series)in different furniture stores in furniture centers in Guiyang City were detected by phenol reagent spectrophotometry and gas chromatography respectively.The total volatile organic compounds(TVOC)were detected by the Braunton BR-Smart-126 tester.The environmental health risk assessment model by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the exposure risk of the human body in the indoor air of the furniture store.Results The average concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene and TVOC in bedroom furniture stores were 0.075,0.020 and 0.272mg/m^(3),respectively.The average concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene and TVOC in living room furniture stores were0.076,0.018 and 0.291 mg/m^(3),respectively.The average concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene and TVOC in children’s furniture stores were 0.068,0.018 and 0.265 mg/m^(3),respectively.The formaldehyde carcinogenic risk values for adult males in living rooms,bedrooms and children’s furniture stores were 2.3×10^(-4),2.3×10^(-4)and 2.1×10^(-4),respectively.The benzene carcinogenic risk values for adult males in living rooms,bedrooms and children’s furniture stores were 0.5×10^(-4),0.6×10^(-4)and 0.5×10^(-4),respectively The formaldehyde carcinogenic risk values for adult females in living rooms,bedrooms and children’s furniture stores were 2.3×10^(-4),2.2×10^(-4)and 1.9×10^(-4),respectively.The benzene carcinogenic risk values for adult females in living rooms,bedrooms and children’s furniture stores were 0.51×10^(-4),0.58×10^(-4)and 0.50×10^(-4),respectively.The carcinogenic risk of benzene was lower than that of formaldehyde,and the risk of carcinogenesis in women was lower than that in men.In different furniture stores,the carcinogenic risk values of benzene and formaldehyde in people exceeded the safety limits set by the US Environmental Protection Agency(1.00×10^(-6)).Conclusion The concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene and TVOC in the indoor air of the same type of furniture stores in the three furniture centers of Guiyang City meet the limit requirements of the Indoor air quality standard(GB/T18883-2002),but the benzene and formaldehyde in different furniture stores pose a greater health risk to the employees in the furniture centers of Guiyang City.