2011—2020年天津市职业性有机溶剂中毒流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational organic solvent poisoning in Tianjin from 2011-2020

目的 分析2011—2020年天津市职业性有机溶剂中毒病例的流行病学特征,为制定和管理职业性有机溶剂中毒防治策略提供参考依据。方法 采用中国疾病预防控制中心“职业病及健康危害因素监测系统”的数据,对2011—2020年天津市确诊的职业性有机溶剂中毒病例进行汇总分析。结果 2011—2020年天津市职业病病例共计上报5 037例,其中职业性有机溶剂中毒107例。职业性有机溶剂中毒的首要因素为苯,中毒61例。慢性职业性有机溶剂中毒共97例,为主要中毒方式;职业性有机溶剂中毒病例主要分布在大型企业(53例),行业主要分布在制造业(89例),包括石油化工制造业、电子设备制造业和通用设备制造业等;职业性有机溶剂中毒患者平均确诊年龄为(48.2±16.2)岁,平均确诊工龄为(12.0±8.8)年。结论 苯是2011—2020年天津市职业性有机溶剂中毒的主要因素,须加强苯作业企业的职业卫生监督和管理工作,制订能够保护更多职业人群免受苯中毒的卫生检测标准。警惕有机溶剂混合物中毒和慢性有机溶剂中毒,企业应采用低毒溶剂代替,尽量采用封闭式作业,提供更科学有效的防护措施,保障职业人群的健康及生命安全。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational organic solvent poisoning cases in Tianjin from2011-2020,and provide scientific basis for formulating and managing prevention and control strategies of occupational organic solvent poisoning. Methods Using the data of "occupational disease and health hazard factors monitoring system" of Chinese center for disease prevention and control,the cases of organic solvent occupational poisoning diagnosed in Tianjin from 2011-2020were summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 5 037 cases of occupational diseases were reported in Tianjin from 2011-2020,including 107 cases of occupational organic solvent poisoning. There were 61 cases of benzene poisoning,which was the primary cause of occupational organic solvent poisoning. A total of 97 cases of chronic occupational organic solvent poisoning were the main poisoning mode. Occupational organic solvent poisoning cases were mainly distributed in large enterprises(53 cases),and the industry was mainly distributed in manufacturing industry(89 cases),including petrochemical manufacturing,electronic equipment manufacturing and general equipment manufacturing. The average age of diagnosis of occupational organic solvent poisoning was(48.2±16.2)years old,and the average length of service was(12.0±8.8)years. Conclusion Benzene poisoning is the main cause of occupational organic solvent poisoning in Tianjin from 2011-2020. Enterprises dealing with benzene should strengthen occupational health supervision and management,and formulate health detection standards that can protect more occupational groups from benzene poisoning. Be alert to organic solvent mixture poisoning and chronic organic solvent poisoning. Enterprises should use low toxic solvents instead,try to use closed operations,and provide more scientific and effective protective measures to ensure the health and life safety of occupational groups.