Kisspeptin在妊娠期相关疾病中的研究进展

Research Progress of Kisspeptin in Pregnancy Related Diseases

Kisspeptin是一个神经肽家族,由KISS1基因编码,早期被认为是各种类型癌症转移的抑制物,GPR54为其受体,与Kisspeptin结合后发挥生物学效应。Kisspeptin/GPR54信号转导系统在女性下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的调控中发挥基础性作用,在女性神经内分泌-生殖系统领域有重要意义。除了中枢调节作用外,Kisspeptin/GPR54信号转导系统在子宫和胎盘等器官中发挥调节作用,通过控制子宫内膜腺体分泌(如白血病抑制因子)影响胚胎与子宫内膜上皮的黏附,从而调节女性胚胎植入;在胎盘形成过程中,通过负向调节绒毛外滋养层迁移和侵袭,从而控制胎盘对子宫的侵袭。Kisspeptin/GPR54系统在生理性妊娠维持和妊娠期相关疾病的发生、发展中都发挥重要的调节作用。文章就Kisspeptin/GPR54系统的结构、功能,以及Kisspeptin在生理妊娠和流产、子痫前期、妊娠期糖尿病中的研究进行综述。

Kisspeptin is a family of neuropeptides, encoded by the KISS1 gene, and is thought to be inhibitors of various types of cancer metastasis in the early stage. GPR54 is its receptor, which binds to Kisspeptin and exerts biological effects. The Kisspepin/GPR54 signal transduction system plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the female hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal axis and is of great significance in the field of the female neuroendocrine-reproductive system. In addition to the central regulatory role, the Kisspeptin/GPR54 signal transduction system plays a regulatory role in the peripheral system based on the uterus and placenta, and affects the adhesion of the embryo to the endometrial epithelium by controlling the secretion of endometrial glands(such as leukemia inhibitory factor). Thus, it regulates female embryo implantation;in the process of placenta formation, it controls the invasion of the placenta to the uterus by negatively regulating the migration and invasion of the extravillous trophoblast. The Kisspeptin/GPR54 system plays an important regulatory role in the maintenance of physiological pregnancy and the occurrence and development of pregnancyrelated diseases. The following is a review of the structure and function of the Kisspeptin/GPR54 system, as well as the research of Kisspeptin in physiological pregnancy and abortion,preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus.