南方城市学前儿童家长身体活动养育实践及其影响因素分析

Physical activity parenting practice and its influencing factors among parents of preschool children in southern cities,China

目的 了解家长围绕儿童身体活动特定的养育行为及促进和阻碍幼儿身体活动水平的家庭养育因素,为采取相应策略提高学前儿童身体活动水平提供依据。方法 于2021年2月采用非概率抽样方式,使用自编问卷调查南方大中城市3 959名家长身体活动养育实践,列联表卡方检验探讨家庭不同角色对幼儿身体活动的影响。结果 39.28%的家长每周进行2~3次休闲体育活动,27.12%的家长每周进行1次休闲体育活动,每周不进行活动者占20.86%。亲子体育活动频率在1~2次/周的家长占58.59%,其中“有氧运动”和“追逐、扮演游戏”是家长选择最多的内容,分别占55.83%和52.68%。从家庭对幼儿身体活动的支持来看,排在前3位的是“经常带孩子去公园等户外场所参加体育活动”(87.82%)、“购买体育器材满足孩子的体育需求”(69.87%)、“鼓励孩子自由玩耍”(69.21%),只有26.02%的家长选择“资助幼儿到体育培训机构学习”。父母角色差异(χ^(2)=23.31,P <0.001),性别刻板印象,以及家长对不同性别幼儿身体活动需求时间(χ^(2)=9.91,P=0.04)、强度(χ^(2)=17.14,P <0.01)上认知差异是家长支持性行为的主要制约因素。结论 以家庭为基础的体育干预策略中,应克服以上制约因素,尤其发挥父亲的榜样作用、要求家庭提供多种支持,可能将对促进幼儿身体活动发挥更显著作用。

Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of physical activity(PA) parenting practice among urban parents of preschool children for providing evidences to develop strategies on promoting PA of the children in China.Methods Using non-probabilistic sampling and a self-designed questionnaire,we conducted an online survey among4 074 parents of healthy kindergarten children at 9 large and medium-sized cities in southern regions of China during February 2021.Contingency table chi-square test was adopted to explore the influence of different PA parenting practices on young children′s PA.Results Of the 3 959 participants with valid responses,39.28% and 27.12% reported having a at least30 minutes′ leisure-time physical activity(LTPA) 2 – 3 times and once a week;while,20.86% reported not having LTPA every week.Among all the participants,58.59% reported the PA parenting practice at the frequency of 1 – 2 times/week and aerobic exercise and chasing/role-playing game were the most popular parent-child PA,being reported by 55.83% and52.68% of the participants having the practice.In terms of family support to children′s PA,the top three considerations of the parents were allowing a child to play in parks or other outdoor places frequently(selected by 87.82% of all the participants),buying sports equipment to meet children′ s PA needs(69.87%),and encouraging children to play freely(69.21%);only26.02% of the participants chose financially supporting children to take program in sports training facilities.Significant impact factors for PA parenting practice included parental role disparity(χ^(2) = 23.31,P < 0.001),gender stereotype-related differences in parents′ cognition on required PA time(χ^(2) = 9.91,P = 0.042) and intensity(χ^(2) = 17.14,P = 0.001) for the boys or girls.Conclusion Physical activity parental practice may be more effective in family-based support to young children′s physical exercise if the parents could have correct cognition about parental role and gender stereotype.