纳米材料中辐射诱导缺陷的研究进展

Progress in the research on radiation-induced defects in nanomaterials

固体材料的辐射缺陷是核科学领域重要的研究方向。近年来,半导体材料、低维材料和高比表面多孔材料中缺陷的精准合成与调控正成为辐射技术应用的新方向之一。辐射导致的材料缺陷工程在改善其电磁学、催化、吸附及力学性能等诸多方面有着广阔的应用前景,势必在材料学、电子器件、催化转化与环境领域中发挥重要作用。为此,本文对辐射法制备及改性纳米材料过程中缺陷结构形成及调控的研究现状进行综述,并对该研究方向的发展趋势进行展望。

Radiation-induced defects in nanomaterials are an important aspect of the research on the effects of radiation on materials.Recently,the research on radiation-induced defects in semiconductor materials,lowdimensional materials,and high-specific-surface porous materials has become a new application of radiation technology.Radiation-induced nanomaterial defect engineering has the potential to be used to improve the electromagnetic,catalytic,adsorption,and mechanical properties of nanomaterials and will play an important role in materials science,electronic-device development,catalysis,and environmental science.Therefore,this review presents the recent progress and state-of-art in the formation and tuning mechanism of radiation-induced defects in nanomaterials and provides a direction for future development.