薄壁结构件的随动定位支承布局优化

Layout Optimization of Follow-Up Location Support for Thin-Walled Structures

薄壁结构件在航空航天及汽车制造等重要领域中应用广泛,但其刚度低,加工过程中易变形等缺陷已严重影响了企业生产效率。为了有效解决此问题,现提出一种针对薄壁结构件的新型随动定位支承布局优化策略,其最优布局随着切削力位置和大小的变化而变化。该策略大致分为两步,一是将框架类工件简化为固支梁与固支薄板的变形问题,根据弹性变形公式对工艺凸台的数量进行选择,经MATLAB仿真得出满足条件的工艺凸台数目;二是建立针对定位支承钉位置的优化模型,使用Abaqus二次开发的方式对每个加工位置的工件总变形以及相关约束条件进行计算并使用非线性规划的方式对该模型进行求解,经多次迭代优化得出支承钉的最优布局。通过仿真结果可知,此优化策略可以得到满足要求的支承钉布局。

Thin-walled structural parts are widely used in important fields such as aerospace and automobile manufacturing,but their defects such as low stiffness and easy deformation during machining have seriously affected the production efficiency of enterprises.In order to solve this problem effectively,this paper proposes a new dynamic positioning support layout optimization strategy for thin-walled structural parts.The optimal layout changes with the position and magnitude of cutting force.The strategy is roughly divided into two steps.First,the frame workpiece is simplified as the deformation problem of the fixed beam and the fixed thin plate.The number of process bosses is selected according to the elastic deformation formula,and the number of process bosses meeting the conditions is obtained by MATLAB simulation.The second is to establish an optimization model for the position of the supporting pins.The total deformation and related constraints of the workpiece at each machining position are calculated by Abaqus secondary development method,and the model is solved by nonlinear programming method.The optimal layout of the supporting pins is obtained after several iterations of optimization.The simulation results show that this optimization strategy can obtain the layout of supporting pins that meet the requirements.