三角梅品种表型性状评价

Evaluation of phenotypic traits of Bougainvillea cultivars

通过观测、评价52个三角梅品种的表型性状,为三角梅种质资源利用及新品种选育提供科学依据。本文以52个3年生三角梅品种为试材,采用表型性状方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,对14个表型性状进行多样性分析和评价。研究结果发现52个供试品种表型多样性丰富,具体如下:(1)14个表型性状的遗传多样性指数范围为0.39~3.35,其中质量性状中遗传多样性指数最大的是苞片形状(H=1.68);数量性状中遗传多样性指数最大的是叶长(H=3.35);14个表型性状中遗传多样性指数H>1的有10个。(2)7个数量性状变异系数均值为23.2%,其中节间长变异系数最大(34.0%)。(3)14个表型性状可简化为4个主成分因子,各主成分因子分别主要代表叶长、叶宽、节间长、花序梗长、苞片长、苞片宽、苞片类型、叶形和苞片颜色等指标变量。(4)4个主成分累计方差贡献率达64.3%,其中第一主成分方差贡献率达28.6%;第一和第二主成分主要反映三角梅的数量性状特征,第三和第四主成分主要反映三角梅的质量性状特征;综合得分最高的9个品种为C39、C7、C33、C43、C48、C29、C22、C35、C26。(5)聚类分析结果表明,在欧式遗传距离20时可将52个三角梅品种分为4个类群;三角梅品种间表型性状变异大;叶片大小、苞片类型、叶形、苞片颜色等是三角梅品种分类和选育的最主要依据。

Phenotypic traits of fifty-two Bougainvillea cultivars were observed and evaluated to provide scientific basis for utilization of germplasm resources and breeding of new varieties.The diversity of fourteen phenotypic traits of 52 three-year-old bougainvillea cultivars was analyzed and evaluated by means of variance analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis.The results showed that 52 cultivars had a rich diversity.The Shannon s diversity index of 14 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.39 to 3.35.Bract shape had the biggest of qualitative character(H=1.68).Leaf length had the biggest of quantitative character(H=3.35).Ten of the fourteen phenotypic traits had a Shannon s diversity index greater than 1.The mean variation coefficient of seven quantitative traits was 23.2%,among which internode length had the largest variation coefficient(34.0%).The fourteen phenotypic traits could be simplified into four principal component factors,which mainly represented leaf length,leaf width,internode length,petubercle length,bract length,bract width,bract type,leaf shape,and bract color.The cumulative variance contribution rate of four principal components was 64.3%,among which the contribution rate of the first principal component was 28.6%.The first and second main components mainly reflected the quantitative trait characteristics of Bougainvillea,and the third and fourth principal components mainly reflected the quality trait characteristics of Bougainvillea.The nine varieties with the highest comprehensive score were C39,C7,C33,C43,C48,C29,C22,C35,and C26.Based on the principal component scores and principal component scores,52 Bougainvillea cultivars were grouped into clusters.The principal component scores of each variety ranged from 0.36 to 4.3.According to the scores,Bougainvillea cultivars was divided into four groups,with 9,22,19,and 2 cultivars in each group,respectively.The results of cluster analysis showed that 52 Bougainvillea cultivars could be divided into four groups at the Euclidean genetic distance of 20.The phenotypic traits of Bougainvillea cultivars varied greatly.Leaf size,bract type,leaf shape,and bract color were the most important basis for classification and breeding of Bougainvillea cultivars.