干湿法纺丝制备高性能间位芳纶及其结构与性能研究

Structure and properties of high-performance m-aramid fiber by dry-jet-wet spinning

以间苯二胺和间苯二甲酰氯为单体,通过低温溶液缩聚法制备纺丝原液,采用工程化干湿法纺丝工艺制备间位芳纶,研究了纤维的结构和性能,并与市场上同类产品进行对比。结果表明:干湿法纺丝所得间位芳纶表面光滑,晶粒尺寸较小,结晶度和取向度分别高达49.87%和0.567,断裂强度达5.17 cN/dtex,初始模量达106.03 cN/dtex,热收缩率为1.9%,与干法纺丝间位芳纶“Nomex”的结构与性能相当;与湿法纺丝间位芳纶“泰美达”相比,干湿法纺丝间位芳纶微观结构更完善,具有更高的结晶度和取向度,断裂强度和初始模量分别提高35%和27%,热收缩率大幅降低;采用干湿法纺丝工艺制备间位芳纶有望实现高品质间位芳纶的国产化替代。

m-phenylenediamine and m-benzoyl chloride were used as monomers to prepare spinning dope by low-temperature solution polycondensation from which m-aramid fiber was prepared by engineering dry-jet wet spinning process.The structure and properties of the fiber were studied and compared with the products of the same sort in the market.The results showed that the m-aramid fiber obtained by dry-jet wet spinning had smooth surface,small grain size,high crystallinity and orientation degree up to 49.87%and 0.567 respectively,breaking strength of 5.17 cN/dtex,initial modulus of 106.03 cN/dtex,and thermal shrinkage of 1.9%,which was equal to the structure and properties of dry spun m-aramid fiber Nomex;compared with the wet spun m-aramid fiber Tametar,the dry-jet wet spun m-aramid fiber had more perfect microstructure,higher crystallinity and degree of orientation,and the breaking strength and initial modulus growth of 35%and 27%respectively,and the greatly reduced thermal shrinkage;and the preparation of m-aramid fiber by dry-jet wet spinning process was expected to realize the domestic substitution of high-quality m-aramid fiber.