不同住房产权下居民居住区位选择的影响因素研究--以北京都市区为例

Study on Impact Factors of Residential Location Choice of Urban Residents in Different Housing Property:A Case Study on the Beijing Metropolitan Area

居住空间是城市空间结构的重要组成部分,其区位选择会受到城市经济、社会、文化、人口等多种因素的影响,已成为地理学、经济学等学科关注的热点。改革开放以来,中国城市已经形成了多元化的住宅供应体系,从居住区位选择的视角来探究城市内部空间结构具有重要意义。文章以北京都市区为研究案例地,通过构建排序多元Logit模型对居住区位选择的影响因素进行了探讨,得出以下结论:(1)整体来看,房价、土地价格、交通状况、居住区自然环境和公共服务情况等外部因素是影响居民居住区位选择的重要因素;从宜居性特征来看,距最近公园、最近重点高中、大学以及三级甲等医院的距离等4个因素影响较为显著。(2)从家庭层面的内部影响因素来看,年龄、家庭构成和收入都在不同程度上影响了居住区位选择。然而,性别、学历、职业和距离最近电影院的距离等因素对所有住房类型居民居住区位选择的影响没有通过显著性检验。(3)不同住房产权的居民区位选择的影响因素存在较大差异,除房价、土地价格、距重点高中、三级甲等医院的距离等共性影响因素外,单位住房居民受收入影响较大,经济适用房和租房居民更看重交通便捷性,家庭构成则显著影响着商品房住户的区位选择。相关结论有助于城市居住空间和公共服务资源的优化配置,进而提高居住满意度。

Since the reform and opening up,cities have formed a diversified housing supply system in China,and the residential location choice behavior has also been affecting the urban residential spatial structure,studies on urban spatial structure have become the current research focus in the perspective of residential location choice.Taking Beijing metropolitan area as a case,the paper discussed the impact factors of residential location choice by constructing an Ordered Logit model,and drew the following conclusions:(1)On the whole,the external factors such as house price,land price,traffic condition,natural environment of residential area and public service are important factors affecting residents'residence location selection.In view of the characteristics of livability,the distance from the nearest park,the key high school,the university and hospitals has been more significant.(2)From the internal factors of family level,age,family structure and income have affected residential location choices to different degrees.However,gender,education,occupation and distance from the nearest cinema can not pass a significant test.(3)There are great differences in the influence factors of the location selection of the residents with different housing property.In addition to the common factors such as house price,land price,distance from the key high school and hospital,residents live in danwei housing is greatly influenced by income,the affordable housing and the renters pay more attention to the convenience of trafic,and the commercial housing tenants is significantly affected by family composition.The relevant conclusions can help optimize the allocation of urban living space and public service resources,and then improve the living satisfaction.