基于区域主体功能视角的生态补偿立法研究

Research on the Legislation of Payment for Environmental Services from the Perspective of Development Priority Zones

从生态补偿内涵出发,首先通过分析生态补偿的历史演进,细致研究生态补偿的制度背景与法理性基础,包括生态补偿制度的国情差异、法系差异、部门事权分配、区域主体功能与生态补偿之间的关系等4个问题,总体建构我国生态补偿立法工作所处于的“中国语境”。进而探讨了生态补偿与现行法律的协同关系、生态补偿法律体系位阶及地方层级设置,从系统性的角度对生态补偿立法提出具体措施。最后,文章对生态补偿的立法内容设置提出建议方案,提出以资源产权界定、权责主体确定、生态损益评定、补偿形式规定、获利利用限定、补偿绩效厘定的“六定方案”为主要立法内容,以期为生态补偿立法提供参考。

Starting from the connotation of paymentfor environmental services(PES),first of all,by analyzing the historical evolution of PES,this paper studies the institutional background and legal basis of ecological compensation in detail,including the differences in national conditions of PES system,the differences in legal system,the distribution of administrative power of departments,the relationship between development priority functions and PES,and constructs the overall situation of PES legislation in Chinese context.Then it discusses the coordination between PES and the current law,theposition of ecological compensation legal systemand local level setting,and puts forward specificmeasures for ecological compensation legislation from a systematic perspective.Finally,the article puts forward suggestions on the legislative content of ecological compensation,and puts forward 6 major issues of defined schemes which include the definition of resource propertyrights,the determination of rights and responsibilities,the assessment of ecological profitand loss,the stipulation of compensation forms,the limitation of profit utilization and the determination of compensation performance,so as to provide referenceforthelegislationof PES.