考虑负荷平移的虚拟电厂低碳经济调度

Low Carbon Economy Dispatching of Virtual Power Plant Considering Load Shifting

虚拟电厂是聚合发电侧分布式能源与用户侧负荷需求的有效途径。针对可再生能源发电出力的间歇性和反调峰特性问题,以碳配额与可再生能源消纳保障机制为背景,本文建立了考虑负荷平移、“碳交易-绿证”、可再生能源消纳权重、碳排放配额、运行成本约束的虚拟电厂多目标调度优化模型。首先,以风光出力追踪和用电负荷波动平抑为目标构造负荷平移模型,并给出“移出—汇总—分配”的求解策略;其次,引入碳交易与绿证交易机制,以系统调度成本和CO_(2)排放量最优为目标,构建多目标优化模型,实现虚拟电厂低碳化与经济性的有效平衡;最后,运用参照点法(reference point approach,RPA)对调度模型进行求解,并结合模糊理论和二元对比定权法给出RPA度量标准取值模型。算例仿真结果表明:模型可以有效提高虚拟电厂的经济效益与可再生能源消纳能力,激发虚拟电厂低碳减排的积极性。

Virtual power plant(VPP)is an effective way to aggregate distributed resources on generation side and load demand on user side.The intermittent and anti-peak-load characteristics of renewable energy generation were studied,and the carbon quota and renewable energy absorption guarantee mechanism were taken as the background.A multi-objective dispatching optimization model for VPP was established,which considered load shifting,“carbon trading-green certification”,renewable absorption weight,carbon emission quota and operation cost constraints.Firstly,a load shifting model was constructed with the goal of tracking wind and solar output and smoothing out the fluctuation of power load,and the solution strategy of“lifting out-aggregate-distribute”was given.Secondly,a multi-objective optimization model was constructed to achieve an effective balance between low-carbon and economy of the VPP by introducing a carbon trading and green certification trading mechanism,aiming at the optimization of operating cost and CO_(2) emission.Finally,the reference point approach(RPA)was used to solve the scheduling model,and the RPA metric value model was given based on fuzzy theory and dualistic factor contrast method.The simulation results show that the model can effectively improve the economic benefits and renewable energy absorption capacity of VPP,and stimulate the enthusiasm of low-carbon emission reduction of VPP.