矫矫正正时时弊弊、救世易俗之翘楚——论奎德社之戏曲改良及启示

On the Improvement and Enlightenment of Kuideshe’s Reforms in Opera

杨韵谱主持的北京奎德社是民国时期影响最大的坤班,历时23年,被称为“女富连成”。剧团只招收女艺人,成员习河北梆子与皮簧,重视艺人文化素质与职业道德教育。该社以“改良新戏”为突破口,以小说、戏曲、电影、话剧、社会时事为素材,排演了近200部改良戏曲,尤其是立足于现实生活的时装戏,成为该社的演出亮点。奎德社卓有成效的管理,也为当下剧团体制改革提供了借鉴。

Kuideshe, hosted by Yang Yunpu in Beijing, was the most influential female troupe in the Republic of China. With a history of 23 years, the troupe only recruited female artists and was known as the “Female Fuliancheng”. The members learned Hebei Bangzi and Pihuang, and strengthened cultural quality and professional ethics education. Taking “improving new operas” as a breakthrough point, the troupe rehearsed nearly 200 improved operas based on novels, operas, movies, dramas, and social current affairs, with the fashion dramas based on real life, particularly, being its performance highlights. The effective management model of Kuideshe also provides a reference for the reform of the current troupes.