嗅听交互作用下的城市公共开放空间感知及行为研究

Perception and Behaviour under the Audio-olfactory Interaction in Urban Public Open Spaces

嗅听交互研究在国内外处于起步阶段,其为城市及建筑空间营造提出了新的思路和方法,有助于促进多感官环境设计从视听交互主导转向更为全面的统觉认知。从嗅听交互的视角,回顾了听觉与嗅觉环境设计的发展过程,以及城市与建筑空间的声景与嗅景的相关研究。在此基础上,介绍了作者近期的研究成果,包括实地环境中的嗅听交互感知现状、气味对交通噪声感知的影响、嗅听交互感知效应,以及嗅听交互环境对行为的影响。研究结果发现对于嗅听交互感知,积极的感官刺激可以提升其他感官感知的评价,而消极感官刺激的影响效果则相反,以及当一种感官刺激越强时,另一种感官的感知强度会越弱。对于嗅听交互环境中的行为,当空间中存在积极的气味时,积极或消极的声音均会加强人们的趋向行为。最后基于研究结果提出嗅听交互环境的设计应用及对未来研究方向的展望。

Under the background of experience economy,architecture has experienced a paradigm transformation from"disembodiment"to"embodiment".The enhancement of urban and architectural sensory environment has become an important means to improve the quality of space.As passive senses,vision,audition and olfaction,are important media for people to perceive the environment.They are not independent,but interact with each other,and jointly construct people’s overall cognition of the environment.At present,the research on the sensory interaction environment of urban and architectural spaces mainly focuses on audio-visual interaction,and visual-olfactory interaction,while the research on audio-olfactory interaction,which although is in its infancy both in China and worldwide,puts forward new ideas and methods for the design of urban and architectural spaces,and helps to promote the design of multi-sensory environments from the dominance of audiovisual interaction to more comprehensive apperception cognition,and it can also provide layout basis for urban architectures,design basis for urban planning,and greening selection basis for urban landscape.This paper firstly reviews the development of auditory and olfactory environmental design from the perspective of audioolfactory interaction,as well as the theoretical basis and related research on soundscape and smellscape of urban and architectural spaces,and proposes a description framework of audio-olfactory interaction environment based on the description framework of soundscape.On this basis,the authors’recent research results are presented from two aspects of subjective perception and crowd behaviour.Urban public open spaces carry a variety of functions such as residents’activities and social intercourse,and contain rich and diverse sensory factors,and their multi-sensory environmental quality affects the livability of the city.Therefore,this paper takes typical urban public open spaces as the research objects,and introduces four parts:(1)Study 1 investigated the current situation of the perception of audio-olfactory interaction in the actual environment,in order to verify the existence of audio-olfactory interaction.(2)Study 2 selected the typical sound and odour in the urban environments,and explored the influence of positive odour on the perception of traffic noise.(3)In order to enrich,refine and accurately control the variables that affect audio-olfactory interaction perception,and to explore the mechanism of audio and olfactory factors acting on each other’s perception,Study 3 investigated the effect of audio-olfactory interaction perception in the laboratory.(4)In order to make the research more comprehensive,Study 4carried out the observation of crowd behaviour under the influence of audio-olfactory interaction environment in an urban public open space,as an objective reflection of subjective perception.The results show that for perception under audio-olfactory interaction,positive sensory stimuli can enhance the evaluation of other sensory perceptions,while negative sensory stimuli have the opposite effect,and the stronger one sensory stimulus is,the weaker the perception of other sense is.In addition,the results of three studies also show that people’s familiarity with sensory factors is not affected by other sensory factors.For crowd behaviour under audio-olfactory interaction,when positive odour is present in a space,both positive and negative sounds can strengthen people’s tendency of behaviour,and it also shows that there are dominant sensory factors in the influence of audio-olfactory interaction environment on crowd behaviour.Finally,based on the research results,suggestions on the design and application of audioolfactory interaction environment are put forward,including creating a characteristic space atmosphere,controlling and predicting crowd behaviour,promoting the cognition of visually impaired people to space,etc.For the future research directions,the research scope can be continuously expanded,such as targeted and systematic research on other space types,sound and odour variables,and types of space users.