基于文献分析的8~15世纪西班牙伊斯兰园林中香景营造特征研究

Research on the Characteristics of Smellscape Creations in Spanish Islamic Gardens from the 8th to the 15th Century Based on Literature Analysis

随着气味和嗅觉越来越被风景园林领域所重视,世界各地的优秀香景营造案例的研究价值也正在逐步凸显。为了借鉴经典园林中的香景营造策略,选取较具代表性的西班牙摩尔人时期伊斯兰园林作为研究对象,从香景特征和香景营造手法等方面,总结出其园林中的香景特征:(1)植物选择在宗教、风俗或医学因素影响下,受植物香气、功能等因素影响,并且形成一定的配置模式;(2)园林中的香景除了植物之外,香薰香料也是香景的重要组成部分,包括麝香、松香等。并总结出伊斯兰园林中的香景营造手法有:(1)植物布置,包括植物行列式种植布局、植物绿篱的修剪以及植物与其他园林造景要素的协同等,有助于园内香味景观的形成;(2)利用Ansys Fluent、SKetch up等软件对格内拉利弗花园的水渠中庭进行模拟分析,发现十字形狭窄水池的递引过度作用,考虑植物布局营造对于园内环境的影响,水池产生的小气候也对香景营造有一定的助益作用;(3)园中下沉式的种植池符合人们“坐观”的需求,能够使人更加近距离地感受植物的芳香。研究旨在为现今的园林香景营造或都市嗅觉景观提供一定的启示和借鉴。

As smell and sense of smell are more and more valued in the field of landscape architecture,the research value of excellent landscape construction cases around the world is gradually highlighted.The author selects the representative Islamic gardens in the Moorish period of Spain as the research object to draw lessons from the smellscape creation strategy in classical gardens and promote the research and understanding of Islamic smellscape,starting from the characteristics of smellscape creation.This paper explores three problems,including the composition of incense species,the composition of aromatherapy in smellscape,and the construction techniques of smellscape.It also obtains the origin,elements,and techniques of smellscape creation in Islamic gardens.The methods of literary analysis and software simulation are used in this study.The former analyses about 50 Chinese and foreign literature,including English,Portuguese,French,and Arabic,along with other literature describing Islamic gardens.The latter includes modeling the Gnellar Lifer Garden with SKetch UP and the airflow analysis of the model with Ansys Fluent.The results show that:First,plant selection was influenced by religion,custom or medical factors,plant aroma,function and other factors,and formed a certain configuration mode.Second,in addition to plants,aromatherapy spices are also an important part of the landscape,including musk,rosin and so on.It is concluded that the construction techniques of smellscape in Islamic gardens are as follows:First,the plant layout,including plant row planting layout,pruning of plant hedgerows,and the coordination of plants and other garden landscape elements,contributes to the formation of smellscape.Second,software was used to simulate and analyse the canal atrium of the Gnellalifu Garden.It was found that the recursion of the cross-shaped narrow pool was excessive.Considering the influence of plant layout on the environment of the garden,the microclimate produced by the pool also had a certain beneficial effect on the construction of incense scenes.Finally,the sunken planting pond in the garden allows people to"sit and watch",helping them feel the fragrance of plants more closely.The study aims to provide some inspiration for the construction of modern garden smellscape or urban olfactory landscapes and study the Islamic smellscape utilizing historical data collation and objective simulation.(1)There are defects in the investigation of plant varieties in Islamic gardens since the book records only a name or the general name of a plant.Further,there is no clear Latin name,so it may not be possible to obtain an accurate plant variety in combination with the local climate.Therefore,the original summary plant table was deleted for rigorous reasons.In this case,it is necessary to combine field research to further confirm the real plant varieties.However,the research is restricted by time and epidemic situation,and the further confirmation of plant varieties is also one of the directions of future research on the Islamic smellscape.(2)There may be some deviations from the experimental simulation results in this paper.The simulation results are based on the normal monsoon wind direction and wind speed in Cordoba,Spain,and do not consider the constraints of various factors in the garden but simulate the results of an ideal model.The results of the experimental simulation need to be further confirmed in the field research through the measurement of climate and environmental indicators and odour walking survey,which is also a part of the future research progress of Islamic incense scenery.