前列地尔对快速上浮脱险致减压病大鼠心肺系统的影响

Effect of Alprostadil on cardiopulmonary system of rats with decompression sickness induced by fast buoyancy ascent escape

目的:研究前列地尔对快速上浮脱险致减压病大鼠心肺系统的影响。方法:80只健康雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、前列地尔预防1组、前列地尔预防2组和前列地尔预防3组,每组20只。3个前列地尔预防组大鼠在进舱前15 min通过尾静脉分别注射前列地尔溶液(5、10、20μg/kg);对照组大鼠在进舱前15 min注射等体积生理盐水。4组大鼠进舱后,采用压缩空气以指数速率2 T/7加压至1.5 MPa,停留4.5 min后以3 m/s速度减压出舱。出舱后即刻观察大鼠的行为学表现并统计存活率;30 min后采用5%戊巴比妥溶液腹腔注射麻醉大鼠,摘取右下肺组织进行肺干湿重比检测;另取心脏和肺脏组织,4%中性甲醛溶液固定,经过脱水、包埋、切片和染色等处理后于显微镜下观察其病理改变。经下腔静脉收集静脉血用于血清生化指标[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)]和血浆D-二聚体的检测。结果:前列地尔预防3组大鼠存活率(70%)显著高于对照组(40%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);前列地尔预防3组大鼠肺组织干湿重比与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.01)。对照组大鼠肺泡结构大面积破坏融合,肺泡腔内可见红细胞渗出,心肌纤维水肿、变性,断裂明显;前列地尔预防组大鼠肺泡壁增厚程度和心肌纤维水肿程度显著减轻。此外,前列地尔预防组大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP水平以及血浆D-二聚体含量明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:前列地尔通过减轻大鼠心肺组织的损伤和炎症反应,达到预防快速上浮脱险所致减压病的目的。

Objective To investigate the effect of Alprostadil on cardiopulmonary system of rats with decompression sickness induced by fast buoyancy ascent escape.Methods Eighty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control group,Alprostadil prevention group 1,Alprostadil prevention group 2,and Alprostadil prevention group 3 by random number table method,with 20 rats in each group.Rats in the three Alprostadil prevention groups were injected with Alprostadil solution(injection dose was 5,10,20μg/kg,respectively)through tail veins 15 min before entering the chamber.Rats in the control group were injected with equal volume of normal saline 15 min before entering the chamber.The air was pressurized to 1.5 MPa at the exponential rate of 2T/7,maintained for 4.5 min,and then decompressed to atmospheric pressure at a rate of 3 m/s.The behavioral performance and survival rate of the rats were observed immediately after exit.After 30 min,the rats were anesthetized with 5%pentobarbital solution by intraperitoneal injection.The right lower lung tissues were taken for the dry/wet weight ratio detection.At the same time,the heart and lung tissues were taken and fixed with 4%neutral formaldehyde solution,then the tissues were processed by dehydration,embedding,sectioning,and staining,and the pathological changes were observed under a microscope.In addition,1 ml of venous blood was collected via inferior vena cava for serum biochemical indices(ALT,AST,and ALP)detection and plasma D-dimer test.Results The survival rate of rats in the Alprostadil prevention group 3(70%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(40%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The dry/wet weight ratio of lung tissues in the Alprostadil prevention group 3 was significantly different from that in the control group(P<0.01).The pathological results showed that in the control group,the alveolar structure of the rats was extensively destroyed and fused,erythrocyte exudation was observed in the alveolar cavity,and myocardial fibers showed edema,degeneration,and obvious fracture.In the Alprostadil prevention groups,alveolar wall thickening and cardiac muscle fiber edema of the rats were all significantly reduced,and the levels of ALT,AST,and ALP in serum and the content of D-dimer in plasma were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Conclusion Alprostadil can prevent decompression sickness caused by fast buoyancy ascent escape through mitigating the injury and inflammation of lung and heart tissues.