院校市场视角下教育企业家角色及职责探析

An Analysis of the Roles and Responsibilities of Educational Entrepreneurs from the Perspective of Institutional Market Reform

院校市场改革和教育企业家的作为有利于促进全社会共同参与高等教育治理新格局的形成,推进高等教育治理体系和治理能力现代化。基于企业家理论和制度变迁理论,教育企业家是院校市场改革的担当主体。其中,外部教育企业家作为创业者要瞄准市场需求,创办院校并维持运营;作为创新者要发挥市场优势,提升院校竞争力;作为改革者要扩大创业影响,倒逼传统院校改革。内部教育企业家作为推进者要确立组织改革目标,重塑组织结构并授权;作为凝聚者要营造院校创业文化,形成改革合力;作为整合者要对外开拓资源,对内优化资源配置;作为监督者要监测改革进程,督促行动开展和保持正轨。

The reform of the institutional market and the actions of educational entrepreneurs are conducive to promoting the participation of the whole society in the formation of a new pattern of higher education governance and advancing the modernization of higher education governance systems and governance capabilities.Based on entrepreneur theory and institution change theory,educational entrepreneurs are one of the main actors of institutional market reform.External educational entrepreneurs should act as start-ups to aim at market demands,establish institutions,and maintain their operations;as innovators to apply the advantages of the market and enhance the competitiveness of institutions;and as reformers to expand the influence of entrepreneurship and force traditional institutions to act.Internal educational entrepreneurs should act as promoters to establish reform goals,reshape the organizational structure,and authorize downward;as team workers to create a college entrepreneurial culture and form a reform joint force;as integrators to develop resources externally and optimize internal resource allocation;and as supervisors to monitor the reform process and urge actions to be carried out and kept on track.