Engineered microorganisms-based delivery systems for targeted cancer therapy:a narrative review

Microorganisms with innate and artificial advantages have been regarded as intelligent drug delivery systems for cancer therapy with the help of engineering technology.Although numerous studies have confirmed the promising prospects of microorganisms in cancer,several problems such as immunogenicity and toxicity should be addressed before further clinical applications.This review aims to investigate the developments of engineered microorganisms-based delivery systems for targeted cancer therapy.The main types and characteristics of microorganisms such as bacteria,viruses,fungi,microalgae,and their components are introduced in detail.Moreover,the engineering strategies and biomaterials design of microorganisms are further discussed.Most importantly,we discussed the innovative attempts and therapeutic effects of engineered microorganisms in cancer.Taken together,engineered microorganisms-based delivery systems hold tremendous prospects for biomedical applications in targeted cancer therapy.