合成生物学的生物安全风险及其管理对策研究

Research on Biosafety and Management Countermeasures of Synthetic Biology

合成生物学是当今发展前景广阔的新兴研究领域之一,由于应用广泛,给环境和人类健康带来的风险引发了科学伦理争论,其生物安全和生物安保问题值得深入思考。本文结合国内外合成生物学发展现状,从生物工程、合成基因组学、原型细胞、异源生物学、基因编辑等方面综述了合成生物学中的潜在生物安全风险,从生物武器和生物恐怖、DIY合成生物学、实验室生物安全等方面分析了合成生物学的生物安保问题。结合目前合成生物学有关的重要政策法规、技术遏制策略、技术管理体系,对我国合成生物学的生物安全监管提出对策建议。

Synthetic biology is one of the emerging research fields with broad development prospects,however,the risks to environment and human health brought by the wide application of synthetic biology have also caused new scientific and ethical debates,and the biosafety and biosecurity issues of synthetic biology deserve further consideration.In this paper,combined with the development status of synthetic biology,the potential biosafety risks of synthetic biology were reviewed from the aspects of bioengineering,synthetic genomics,protocells,xenobiology and gene editing,and the biosecurity issues of synthetic biology were analyzed from the aspects of biological weapons and bioterrorism,DIY synthetic biology and laboratory biosafety.Then combined with the analysis of the important policies and regulations,technology containment strategy and technology management system related to synthetic biology,countermeasures and suggestions on biosafety supervision of synthetic biology for China were put forward,in order to provide reference for the biosafety and biosecurity management of synthetic biology in China.