合成生物学研发的风险类型分析——基于Meta的分析

Biosafety Risk Factors of Synthetic Biology Research and Application

作为建立在生物学、工程技术等基础上的多学科交融的前沿科研领域,合成生物学开辟了人工设计和改造生命系统的崭新篇章。然而,随着合成生物学研发效率的提升和应用规模的扩大,关于其潜在风险与生物安全问题的争论与担忧也日益涌现。首先,本文针对合成生物技术从科研者、管理者、技术三大风险主体进行风险分析。其次,针对Web ofScience中关于合成生物1900年-2021年的核心数据集,采用CiteSpace文献计量分析和Meta分析的方法,梳理了合成生物学的主要研究内容、发展脉络,分析合成生物科研领域的生物安全热点问题。归纳得到的8个相关风险点主要包括技术滥用风险、伦理问题、利益分配风险、技术自身安全性、人体伤害、合成生物体的意外泄露、缺乏监管、实验室生物安全。研究进一步将8个风险点归入三大风险类型。通过对上述风险开展系统梳理,本研究为监管与治理提供了具有针对性的建议。

As a cutting-edge multidisciplinary scientific research field based on biology and engineering technology,synthetic biology has broken new ground in the artificial design and transformation of life systems.However,with the improvement of research and development efficiency and application scale of synthetic biology,there come debates and concerns about the biosafety issues.First of all,this paper analyzes the risks of synthetic biotechnology from three major risk subjects:researchers,managers and technology.Secondly,based on the core data set of synthetic biology in Web of Science from 1900 to 2021,this paper uses CiteSpace bibliometric analysis and Meta-analysis methods to sort out the main development context of synthetic biology,and analyze the biosafety hot spots in the field of synthetic biology research.Eight related risk factors were summarized,including:technology abuse,ethical issues,benefit distribution,technology safety,human injury,accidental leakage of synthetic organisms,lack of supervision,and laboratory biosafety.The eight risk factors were classified into three risk types.Finally,corresponding countermeasures and governance suggestions for different types of risks are proposed.This study systematically analyzes the risks related to biosafety of synthetic biology,providing an important basis for regulatory governance.