摘要
Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)is certainly one of the most fascinating and complex urological procedures.This is ascribable to its vast heterogeneity from one case to another,related to patient’s anatomical variability and tumour’s characteristics.Over the last years,with the aim to assist the surgeons in handling ever more difficult lesions(totally endophytic or large volume[1,2])suitable for RAPN,several technologies were proposed and tested,from preoperative planning to intraoperative assistance or navigation[3].
