基于社区的企业创新模式形成与演化:资源依赖的视角

Formation and Evolution of Modes of Community-Based Innovation:A Resource Dependence Perspective

通过开展以360科技与开源中国社区为对象的纵向案例研究,结合资源依赖的视角,本文尝试探究基于社区的企业创新模式形成与演化机制。研究发现,企业利用开源社区实施创新的过程实质是双方进行社会交换并构建基于资源的权力关系的过程,并伴随着资源流向的改变和治理焦点的转移,这一过程及其所形成的创新模式会由于企业—社区依赖关系的改变而不断演化。企业—社区依赖关系受到组织特征(组织资源禀赋)与外部情境(技术复杂度)的共同作用,且技术复杂度对企业和社区的影响存在差异,高技术复杂度会放大社区创新的先天劣势,进而使依赖方向与权力关系向企业倾斜。此外,随着创新范式与价值创造逻辑的变化,企业管理外部依赖的过程和逻辑也会相应改变。

In order to explore the formation and the evolution mechanisms of community-based innovation modes,it conducted a longitudinal case study on the collaboration between 360 Co.,Ltd.and OSCHINA community by introducing resource dependence perspective.It finds that community-based innovation is essentially the process of social exchange and a resource-based power relationship building,accompanied by the changes in resource flow and the transfer of governance focus.At the same time,this process and the innovation mode it forms evolve with the change of firm-community dependency relationship.Furthermore,firm-community dependency relationship is jointly affected by organizational resource endowment and technological complexity,and there are differences in the impacts of technological complexity on firms and communities.High technological complexity magnifies the inherent disadvantage of community innovation,thereby tilting dependence direction and power relationship towards firms.Moreover,as innovation paradigm and value creation logic change gradually,the process and logic of how to manage dependence both from and on external actors have also changed for firms.