西汉敦煌郡的水利灌溉研究

A Study on the Water Irrigation System in Dunhuang Prefecture during the Western Han Dynasty

敦煌的水利灌溉工程从西汉元狩二年(前121)匈奴浑邪王杀休屠王投降汉朝,西汉派遣部队屯田敦煌界开始。而大规模的修建始于汉武帝元鼎六年(前111)置敦煌郡移民实边,这一年修建了马圈口堰,而后又修筑了都河堰等,开凿敦煌的水渠,设置管理敦煌水利灌溉工程的各级水官。因此唐宋敦煌水渠的历史基本上都可以溯源到西汉,西汉以后的敦煌历届政府仅仅在西汉的基础上进行完善而已。

Water rrigation engineering in Dunhuang began when King Hunxie of the Xiongnu(the Huns)surrendered to the Han dynasty after killing a rival leader,King Xiutu,in the second year of the Yuanshou era(121 BCE),following which the Western Han Empire established a permanent military base at Dunhuang in order to begin developing the region.Construction of large-scalewater irrigation systems had begun as early as the sixth year of the Yuanding era(111BCE)when Emperor Wu established Dunhuang as an official prefecture and Han settlers began migrating there.It was in 111 BCE that an initial system of water channels were dug,that officials of various levels were appointed to oversee the water irrigation systems of Dunhuang,and that the Majuankou Dam,which was later used as the basis for Duhe Dam,was constructed.Systematic research of the history of Dunhuang has traced the origins of the region's water irrigation system back to the Western Han dynasty;engineering and irrigation work done by the government of Dunhuang in later eras all made improvements on this original basis.