城乡义务教育均衡发展困境与突破路径--基于组织系统理论视角

Dilemma and Breakthrough Path of Balanced Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education--Based on the Perspective of Organizational System Theory

当前,城乡义务教育在由“基本均衡”走向“优质均衡”的过程中仍面临“城挤乡弱”的发展困境。本研究基于组织系统理论视角,发现问题的核心在于农村薄弱学校办学尚未形成良性循环。通过组织系统理论中的循环系统分析发现,农村学校的教师留持率、在校教师专业水平、教学质量和特色将是城乡义务教育均衡发展路径的关键突破口。为此,农村学校应通过促进学校内涵提升、激活学校现有资源和挖掘特色办学的路径来实现城乡义务教育优质均衡发展。

At present,urban and rural compulsory education is still facing the development dilemma of“crowding city and weakening countryside”in the process of moving from“basic balance”to“high-quality balance”.Based on the perspective of Organizational System Theory,the study finds that the core of the problem lies in the fact that weak rural schools have not yet formed a virtuous circle,and some are even in a vicious circle.Based on the analysis of the circulation system,it is found that the teacher retention rate,the professional level of teachers,the teaching quality and characteristics of rural schools will be the key breakthrough of the balanced development path of urban and rural compulsory education.Therefore,we should promote the connotation development of schools,activate the existing resources of schools,and explore the ways of running schools with characteristics to realize the quality balance of compulsory education in urban and rural areas.