美国不同层级教师专业标准内容比较及启示

Comparison and Enlightenment of Professional Standards for Teachers at Different Levels in the United States

教师专业标准是促进教师专业发展的重要制度保障。美国不同层级教师专业标准主要包括准教师专业标准、新教师专业标准和优秀教师专业标准。从内容角度来看,美国不同层级教师专业标准的共同点是采用三维立体架构、重视多元文化、强调学科教学知识、体现反思性教学理念、偏重实用主义、强调教育协作、兼顾普适性与针对性;其不同点是目标导向不同、角色塑造不同与水平要求不同。美国不同层级教师专业标准内容的优益之处主要是分类精细化、操作性强、时效性强、切合国情。借鉴美国不同层级教师专业标准内容,我国在完善教师专业标准时应细化教师专业标准的分级分类,提高教师专业标准的可操作性,注重教师专业标准的适时更新,彰显教师专业标准与具体国情的一致性。

Teachers’professional standards are an important institutional guarantee to promote teachers’professional development.Professional standards for teachers at different levels in the United States mainly include professional standards for prospective teachers,professional standards for new teachers,and professional standards for excellent teachers.From the perspective of content,the common points of the professional standards of teachers at different levels in the United States are that they adopt a three-dimensional structure,attach importance to multiculturalism,emphasize subject teaching knowledge,embody reflective teaching ideas,emphasize pragmatism,emphasize educational collaboration,and give consideration to universality and pertinence.The differences are different goal orientations,different role modeling,and different level requirements.The advantages of the content of professional standards for teachers at different levels in the United States are mainly fine classification,high operability,strong timeliness,and adaptability to national conditions.Drawing lessons from the contents of teachers’professional standards at different levels in the United States,China should refine the classification of teachers’professional standards,improve the operability of teachers’professional standards,pay attention to the timely updating of teachers’professional standards,and highlight the consistency between teachers’professional standards and specific national conditions.