建筑陶瓷企业可凝结颗粒物组分特征研究

Characteristics of condensable particulate matter emitted by building ceramics factories

参考2017年美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的Method 202和中国《固定污染源废气低浓度颗粒物的测定重量法》(HJ 836-2017),测试了中国豫北地区3家建筑陶瓷企业(记为A、B、C厂)窑炉烟气中可过滤颗粒物(FPM)和可凝结颗粒物(CPM)。结果表明,建筑陶瓷企业窑炉烟气中总颗粒物(TPM)排放水平差别很大,A、B、C 3厂分别为(12.12±3.23)、(105.04±93.31)、(91.89±43.13)mg/m^(3),主要组分是CPM,分别占TPM的75%、97%和72%。CPM以无机组分为主。CPM中水溶性离子是重要组分,主要离子组分为SO _(4)^(2-),其次是Na^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-),最后是F-、Ca^(2+)、K^(+)、NH_(4)^(+)。浓度较高的元素有Zn、Al、Ba、Fe、Ni、Se、Mn、Cu、Cr、Ti、As等,极有必要开展CPM及其中重金属监测和总量控制以保障地区人群健康和生态环境安全。

According to Method 202 proposed by USEPA in 2017 and“Stationary source emission-determination of mass concentration of particulate matter at low concentration-manual gravimetric method”(HJ 836-2017)of China,filterable particle matter(FPM)and condensable particulate matter(CPM)in flue gas emitted by furnaces of three building ceramics factories named A,B and C in north of Henan were tested.Statistic data suggested that mass concentrations of total particulate matter(TPM)from emissions of the three plants were(12.12±3.23),(105.04±93.31)and(91.89±43.13)mg/m ^(3),respectively.The main component of TPM was CPM,which accounted for 75%,97%and 72%,respectively.Inorganic CPM was the main component and water-soluble ions were important components of CPM.The main water-soluble ion was SO _(4)^(2-),followed by Na^(+),NO_(3)^(-),Mg^(2+) and Cl^(-),and finally were F^(-),Ca^(2+),K^(+)and NH_(4)^(+).Elements with the higher concentrations were Zn,Al,Ba,Fe,Ni,Se,Mn,Cu,Cr,Ti,As,etc.Hence,it was necessary to carry out the monitoring of CPM and heavy metals test,and the total quantity control emitted by building ceramics factories to protect the health of local people and the security of local ecological environment.