小胶质细胞表面受体在术后认知功能障碍中的研究进展

Research progress of microglial surface receptors in postoperative cognitive dysfunction

术后认知功能障碍是围术期常见的神经系统并发症,表现为记忆力、注意力、判断力下降,认知和行为改变,严重影响患者预后,增加社会负担。目前术后认知功能障碍的发病机制尚未明确,小胶质细胞过度激活引发的神经炎症是术后认知功能障碍发病的重要机制之一。麻醉和手术等刺激可通过小胶质细胞表面受体的作用导致小胶质细胞过度激活,引发神经炎症的恶性循环,损伤神经元,引起术后认知功能障碍的发生。小胶质细胞表面受体是导致小胶质细胞过度激活发生的关键因素。本文对小胶质细胞表面受体在术后认知功能障碍中的作用进行综述,以期为术后认知功能障碍的机制研究和防治提供参考。

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction,a common nervous system complication in the perioperative period which characterized by memory,attention and judgment decline,cognitive and behavioral changes,seriously affects the prognosis of patients and aggravates social burden.Its pathogenesis is still not clear.The neuroinflammation caused by the excessive activation of microglia is considered to be one of the significant pathogenic mechanisms of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Stimulation such as anesthesia and surgery can lead to microglia overactivation through microglia surface receptors,leading to a vicious cycle of neuroinflammation,injury of neurons,and the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Microglial surface receptors are key factors in the development of overactivation.This paper reviews the role of microglial surface receptors in postoperative cognitive dysfunction,in order to provide evidence for mechanism researching and prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.