3-6岁视力低下儿童眼球生物学参数研究

Study of ocular biometric parameters in children aged 3-6 years with low vision

目的探讨3-6岁视力低下儿童眼球生物学参数特征。方法回顾性研究。纳入2016年6月至2021年9月于西北妇女儿童医院眼科门诊首次就诊的3-6岁轻度远视性屈光不正儿童197人(197眼),排除眼部器质性病变,按有无视力低下分两组:视力低下组与视力正常组。睫状肌麻痹后检影验光记录球镜屈光度、柱镜屈光度及轴向、等效球镜度(SE)和最佳矫正远视力(BCDVA)。A型超声生物测量仪测量前房深度(ACD)、晶状体厚度(LT)、玻璃体腔深度(VCD)及眼轴长度(AL)。角膜地形图测量角膜平均屈光力(Km),计算角膜曲率半径(CR)及轴率比(AL/CR)。采用SPSS 23.0对数据进行统计学分析。结果两组儿童年龄、等效球镜度及柱镜屈光度差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与视力正常组相比较,视力低下组儿童LT、Km较高,VCD、AL较低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),两组间ACD、AL/CR差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。视力低下组儿童SE与AL、VCD、AL/CR均呈负相关(r=-0.468、-0.448、-0.341,均为P<0.05),与Km呈正相关(r=0.261,P=0.020),与ACD和LT均无相关性(均为P>0.05)。而视力正常组儿童SE仅与AL/CR呈负相关(r=-0.352,P=0.000),与其他眼球生物学参数均无相关性(均为P>0.05)。结论3-6岁视力低下儿童的AL、VCD较低,LT、Km较高;视力低下儿童的SE与眼球生物学参数相关性更密切。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of ocular biometric parameters in children aged 3-6 years with low vision.Methods A total of 197 children aged 3-6 years with mild hyperopic ametropia but without organic lesions(197 eyes)who visited the Northwest Women and Children’s Hospital from June 2016 to September 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study.They were divided into the low vision and normal vision groups.After cycloplegic refraction,the sphere,cylinder,axial direction,spherical equivalent(SE),and best corrected distance visual acuity were measured by sciascopy.The anterior chamber depth(ACD),lens thickness(LT),vitreous chamber depth(VCD),and axial length(AL)were measured by an amplitude-mode ultrasonic meter.The mean keratometry(Km)was measured by corneal topography.The corneal radius of curvature(CR)and the AL/CR ratio were calculated.SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze data statistically.Results The mean age,SE and cylinder showed no significant differences between the two groups(all P>0.05).Compared with the normal vision group,LT and Km were higher,while VCD and AL were lower in the low vision group(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences in ACD and AL/CR ratio between the two groups(both P>0.05).In the low vision group,SE was negatively correlated with AL,VCD,and AL/CR ratio(r=-0.468,-0.448,-0.341,all P<0.05),and positively correlated with Km(r=0.261,P=0.020),but had no correlation with ACD and LT(both P>0.05).In the normal vision group,SE was negatively correlated with AL/CR ratio(r=-0.352,P=0.000),and had no correlation with other parameters(all P>0.05).Conclusion Children aged 3-6 years with low vision have lower AL and VCD and higher LT and Km.SE of children with low vision is closely associated with ocular biometric parameters.