论我国水产养殖产业链优化——基于代表性产业的考察

Discussion on the Optimization of China’s Aquaculture Industrial Chain: A Perspective based on the Investigation of Representative Industries

我国水产养殖产业居世界之首,优化其产业链不仅对我国该产业发展、国家粮食安全保障、乡村振兴战略推进以及生态文明建设具有重要意义,而且会对全球渔业资源有效配置产生重要影响。新冠肺炎疫情的爆发更是突出了加强水产养殖产业链研究的必要性。基于国家统计数据和国家海水鱼产业技术体系产业经济岗位团队的调研数据及跟踪观测数据,从全产业链视角对我国石斑鱼、草鱼等几种具有代表性养殖品类的殖产业链进行了跟踪考察。揭示了其个性特征,归纳指出不同养殖品种产业链的共性问题主要在于产业链相对较短,演化水平相对较低,产业链整合程度有待提高,稳健程度有待加强,数字经济迅速崛起但总体质量与效能有待提升等方面。指出了治理理念有待完善、消费方式有待转型、产业组织质量有待提升、科技支撑能力不足、规划引领与政策支撑保障不足等是问题的主要成因。结合分析结论,在借鉴三文鱼等国内外相关产业的产业链建设经验基础上,提出了优化我国水产养殖产业链的对策建议。

China’s aquaculture industry ranks first in the world. Optimizing aquaculture industrial chain is not only of great significance to the development of China’s industry, national food security, the promotion of rural revitalization strategies, and the construction of ecological culture, but also has an important impact on the effective allocation of global fishery resources. The outbreak of the COVID-19 further highlighted the need to strengthen its research. Based on the national statistical data and the survey data and tracking observation data of the industrial economic post team of the national marine fish industry technology system, this study tracked and investigated the industrial chains of several representative aquaculture species such as grouper and grass carp from the perspective of the whole industrial chain. The research reveals its individual characteristics, and summarizes the common problems of the industrial chain of different species are mainly that the industrial chain is relatively short, the level of evolution is relatively low, the degree of integration of the industrial chain needs to be improved,the degree of robustness needs to be strengthened, the rapid rise of the digital economy but the overall quality and performance needs to be improved. It also points out that the main causes of the problem are imperfect governance concept, consumption mode to be transformed,industrial organization quality to be improved, insufficient scientific and technological support ability, planning guidance and policy support.Combined with the analysis conclusions, this article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing China’s aquaculture industry chain, based on the industry chain construction experience of related industries at home and abroad, such as salmon.