“运动式”环境治理的困境及其突破路径——以清洁取暖整治为例

Dilemma and Path Exploration of the Campaigning Environmental Governance:Taking Clean Heating Remediation as An Example

改善农村环境,建设美丽宜居乡村,是实施乡村振兴战略的重要目标。“运动式”治理是农村环境整治的重要方式,但其在运行过程中面临诸多困境,这主要表现在:环境治理政策制定过程中农民主体性缺失、政策转换中权责不匹配与转换僵化、政策执行刚性化与非系统性、政策效果评估片面化与主体单一化。“运动式”环境治理低效的根源是政府试图通过技治主义、科层动员及压力型体制来达到政策预期目标,却在实际运作过程中压缩基层政府自主性治理空间,导致刚性治理手段过多而柔性治理手段不足。农村环境治理本质上是对农民生活的治理,治理效能取决于农民生活方式与价值观念的变革。因此,要提高农村环境治理效能,就必须由“运动式”治理转向常态化治理,即通过转变政府治理思维、调整治理评估体系以及激发农民内生性动力,使环境治理政策具有本土性、灵活性以及长效性。

Improving the rural environment and building a beautiful and livable countryside is an important goal of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy.“Campaign-style”governance is an important way to rural environment renovation,but it faces many difficulties in operation process,which mainly displays as follows:environmental governance in the process of policy making farmers’subjectivity,policy does not match with the transformation of power and responsibility rigidity and the systemic rigidity,policy implementation,policy evaluation one-sided and single subject.The root cause of the inefficiency of“campaign-style”environmental governance is that the government tries to achieve the expected policy goals through technology governance,bureaucratic mobilization and pressure system,but in the actual operation process,the autonomous governance space of grassroots governments is compressed,resulting in too many rigid governance methods and insufficient soft governance methods.Rural environmental governance is essentially the governance of farmers’lives,and the governance efficiency depends on the reform of farmers’life style and values.Therefore,in order to improve the efficiency of rural environmental governance,it is necessary to change from“campaign-style”governance to normal governance,that is,by changing the government governance thinking,adjusting the governance evaluation system and stimulating the endogenous motivation of farmers,environmental governance policies should be localized,flexible and long-term.