技术与时间:从海德格尔到斯蒂格勒

Technics and Time:Form Heidegger to Stiegler

“技术”和“时间”是当代法国哲学家贝尔纳·斯蒂格勒关注的主题。斯蒂格勒从现代工业技术发展的角度出发,对经典现象学的时间观,以及对奠立在这一时间观基础上关于现代技术的本质理解进行了批判性考察。斯蒂格勒受到海德格尔对作为现代技术本质的集置—架(Ge-stell)的存在论分析的影响,将亲在的时间性本质理解为不同于“内在的时间意识”(inneres Zeitbewusstsein)的“内世界的历事发生”(innerweltliches Geschehen)。斯蒂格勒对胡塞尔的“第三级滞留”的批判性解释导致他和以胡塞尔、早期海德格尔为代表的经典现象学的“两个教条”之间出现了一种激进的和后现象学的决裂。而斯蒂格勒对“遗产”作为可能财富的“漩涡”和对“溯—行”作为“流动的蒙太奇”的分析,则引导他开创出当代技术和时间哲学的一个新方向。

“Technics” and “time” are the main themes discussed by the contemporary French philosopher Bernard Stigler. From the perspective of the development of modern industrial technology, Stiegler criticizes the classical phenomenological view of temporality and its implication in understanding the nature of modern technology as the “tertiary retention.” This essay will discuss first how Stiegler was influenced by Heidegger’s ontological analysis of the nature of modern technology as“Ge-stell” and Dasein’s temporality as “innerweltliches Geschehen” which is very different from Husserl’s “inneres Zeitbewusstsein.”Secondly, the essay examines how Stiegler’s critical interpretation of Husserl’s “tertiary retention” could lead him to a radical and post-phenomenological break with the so-called “two dogmas” of the classical phenomenology represented by Husserl and the early Heidegger. Finally, the essay shall analyze the two key concepts used by Stiegler, i.e., “heritage” as the “whirlpool” of the possible wealth and “retro-activity” as the montage of flux and show how they lead to a new direction of Stiegler’s philosophy of technique and time.