“实质损失论”下骗取贷款罪限缩适用的司法认定

Judicial Determination of Limited Application of the Crime of Defrauding Loans Under the"Substantial Loss Theory"

《刑法修正案(十一)》对骗取贷款罪的罪状进行了修改,删除了本罪罪状中“或者有其他严重情节的”规定。罪状描述的改变决定了对该罪的解释必然朝着以“损失论”为途径的限缩解释方向发展。对于骗取贷款罪行为构造的限缩解释应当以“实质损失论”为切入点,以处分财产的价值扣除反对给付来计算损失数额,同时考虑被害人“处分目的的重大背离”。双重欺诈下担保权的设立时点应当作为骗取贷款罪的既遂时点。以往片面重视贷款金额的“唯数额论”和过苛的贷款手续“圣洁化”要求无法对贷款资金安全尚未形成具体风险的欺骗行为予以“出罪化”,司法机关应转向注重实质损失的客观价值衡量,同时全面考察造成金融机构信贷资金处于风险的原因,最终柔化消解骗取贷款罪在贷款类罪名中的兜底性质,从而合理限缩该罪的司法适用范围。

The Criminal Law Amendment(11)has revised the crime of obtaining loans by fraud and deleted the provision of"or with other serious circumstances".The change in the description of the crime determines that the interpretation of the crime should develop towards a narrow interpretation based on the"loss theory".The limited interpretation of the crime of defrauding loans should take the"substantial loss theory"as the starting point,calculate the amount of loss by deducting the objection payment from the value of the disposed property,and consider the victim’s"significant deviation from the purpose of disposition".The establishment time of the security right under double fraud should be regarded as the consummation of the crime of defrauding loans.In the past,the"amount-only theory"that unilaterally paid attention to the loan amount and the"sanctification"of the excessive loan procedures could not"criminalize"deceptive behaviors that did not pose a specific risk to the security of the loan funds.The objective value is measured,and at the same time,the causal force that causes the credit funds of financial institutions to be at risk is comprehensively examined,and the nature of the crime of defrauding loans in loan crimes is finally softened and eliminated,so as to reasonably limit the scope of judicial application of this crime.