合成词语境对汉字偏误的影响因素分析

On the Mixed Use of Chinese Characters in Compound Words of Foreign Students

本文从中山大学汉语中介语语料中收集了相关汉字偏误实例,发现合成词语境是影响汉字偏误的重要因素,偏误主要表现为合成词内部汉字的混用。合成词内部汉字是否混用和学习者认知机制和语素意识以及词语熟悉度、词语结构、词内汉字音形相关性有关。混用方向有首字代替后字和后字代替首字,其中前者远多于后者。混用方向和首字效应、汉字熟悉度、汉字构词能力等密切相关。论文尝试运用认知心理学的成果分析偏误原因,以期为汉字教学提供参考。

This paper collects some relevant Chinese character errors from the Chinese interlanguage corpus of Sun Yat-sen University. It is found that the context of compound words is an important factor affecting the errors of Chinese characters, which is mainly manifested in the mixed use of Chinese characters in compound words. Whether Chinese characters in compound words can be mixed is related to learners’ cognitive mechanism, morpheme awareness, word familiarity, word structure and phonological correlation of Chinese characters in words. The mixed use of Chinese characters in compound words shows that the first character replaces the second character and the second character replaces the first character, and the former is much more than the latter. The direction of Chinese character mixing is closely related to the first character effect, Chinese character familiarity, Chinese character word formation ability and so on. This paper attempts to use the results of cognitive psychology to analyze the reasons, in order to provide reference for Chinese character teaching.