数字经济与出口增长——基于中国城市和海关数据的研究

Digital Economy and Export Growth: Research Based on the Data of China’s Cities and Customs

文章首先全面测度了中国250个地级及以上城市在2011~2016年的数字经济发展水平,其次基于城市特征与海关产品层面数据,利用高维固定效应、工具变量和双重差分模型展开实证检验,最后进行结果分析与讨论。研究发现:(1)数字经济显著促进了产品出口增长,产品出口增长主要体现在价格边际和扩展边际层面。这一结论在进行历史数据作为工具变量和“宽带中国”试点作为准自然实验等稳健性检验之后依然成立。(2)大众创业和万众创新是数字经济释放出口红利的重要渠道。(3)数字经济有助于低价格产品出口贸易方式转型,数字经济对私营企业和内陆城市的出口促进作用更加明显。

Firstly, this paper comprehensively measures the development level of digital economy of 250 cities at and above the prefecture level in China from 2011 to 2016. Secondly, based on urban characteristics and the data of customs products, the paper conducts an empirical test by using high-dimensional fixed effect, instrumental variables and DID model. Finally, the results are analyzed and discussed. The research shows that:(1) digital economy significantly promotes the growth of product export which is mainly reflected in price margin and expansion margin. This conclusion is still valid after the robustness tests by using historical data as instrumental variables and “Broadband China” pilot as the quasi-natural experiment;(2) mass entrepreneurship and innovation are the important channels for digital economy to release export dividends;(3) digital economy is conducive to the transformation of export trade mode of low-price products, and plays a more significant role in promoting the export of private enterprises and inland cities.