汉语方位词在时空上的“前”“后”矛盾及其认知分析

The Contradiction of Chinese Sagittal Localizer“Qian”and“Hou”and Its Cognitive Analysis

汉语方位词“前”“后”在空间与时间的指示上均存在“矛盾”与“不对称”的现象。在对已有空间和时间参照框架进行重新审视的基础上,通过对语言分布事实的考察和对问卷数据的分析,本文认为不论是在空间还是在时间方面,“前/后”方位判断均是外源方位线索(甲类)与主体方位施加(乙类)权衡的结果,前者来自外部环境中的方向指示,后者来自言者的主观心理认知距离。这两类线索中的“前”均指向“高交互度”的显面,区别仅在于甲类线索固化程度高,具有强制性,而乙类线索固化程度低,具有灵活性。这表明在方位判断中,“交互价值”始终是调节时间与空间指示的重要维度。

Contradictions and asymmetries can be observed in Chinese sagittal localizer“qian”(forward)and“hou”(backward)in both space and time.On the basis of reviewing the existing spatial and temporal reference frames and with the support of the rela-ted questionnaires,this paper holds that the distribution of“qian”and“hou”localizers is the result of the balance between the external azimuth clue(class A)and the subjective imposed(class B).The former is related to direction indication in the external environment,while the latter is related to cognitive distance.“Qian”always points to the direction of“high interaction”,and class A has a high degree of solidification and is mandatory,while class B needs online processing and is flexible.In the whole process of the sagittal axis judgment,“the value of interaction”plays a very important role.