预设共同背景论的新进路

The New Direction of Presupposition Common Background Theory

预设的共同背景论目前存在3种形式:强预设共同背景论、较强预设共同背景论、弱预设共同背景论。但这3种形式的共同背景论未能很好地回应信息预设(预设是新信息)带来的挑战。说话者与听话者对话语中的预设会有各自不同的认知,即说话者心中的预设(可称为说话者预设)和听话者心中的预设(可称为听话者预设),会经历一个动态认知变化的过程,最终使得预设的信息成为共同背景,或被说话者放弃。因此,对于预设的刻画就不应该像以往的语用学家一样仅仅局限于说话者预设,而也应该着眼于听话者预设,从说话者与听话者两个不同的角度来同时刻画预设,进而真正捕捉到语用预设的本质。

There are three forms of the common background theory of Presupposition:the strong presupposition common background theory,the stronger presupposition common background theory,the weak presupposition common background theory.However,these three forms of common background theory can not respond to the challenge of information presupposition(presupposition is new information).The presupposition in the speaker’s mind(which can be called the speaker’s presupposition)and the hearer’s presupposition(which can be called the hearer’s presupposition)are different from each other.With the development of discourse communication,the speaker’s presupposition and the hearer’s presupposition will undergo a dynamic cognitive process,The presupposition either becomes common background or is abandoned by the speaker.Therefore,the description of presupposition should not be confined to the speaker’s presupposition as the previous pragmaticians do,but should also focus on the hearer’s presupposition,depicting presupposition from two different angles of the speaker and the hearer,so as to truly capture the essence of pragmatic presupposition.